科尔沁沙地几种常见植物茎叶吸水特征  

Characteristics on Direct Foliar Rainwater Absorption of Several Common Plants in Horqin Sandy Land

作　　者：车力木格 刘新平[1,3,4] 何玉惠 王明明[1,2] 魏水莲 李玉霖 孙姗姗[1,2] Chelmeg;Liu Xinping;He Ytthui;Wang Mingming;Wei Shuiliana;Li Yulin;Sun Shanshan(a.Naiman Desertification Research Station/b.Urat Desert-grassland Research Station/c.Gaolan Ecological and Agricaulmral Integrated Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Enviornmont and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Beijing ZTRC Environmental Protection Science ＆Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态资源环境研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院西北生态资源环境研究院乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院西北生态资源环境研究院皋兰生态与农业综合研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [5]北京中天润成环保科技有限公司,北京100000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2018年第5期1017-1023,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题(Y749BJ1001):内蒙古草原生态大数据平台构建与应用开发研究和内蒙古植物种质资源保护;开发利用及产业化示范;国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500907);国家自然科学基金项目(41371053)

摘　　要：植物通过茎叶吸水能够极大地改善自身水分条件。为研究科尔沁沙地植被茎叶吸收水分变化特征,于2017年7—8月选取科尔沁沙地常见植物差不嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina),通过自然降雨、茎叶隔雨、根部隔雨的控制试验,运用压力室法测定了降雨前后的植物水势(Ψ)变化。结果表明:(1)根部隔雨试验中,差不嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和猪毛菜降雨后的水势值与降雨前相比分别升高了约66.7%、59.5%和87.9%,在降雨后第2天的水势值与降雨前相比分别升高了约73.2%、86.7%和90.6%。(2)差不嘎蒿和猪毛菜在不同部位隔雨试验中的茎叶水势值差异不明显(P>0.05),小叶锦鸡儿茎叶水势值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)差不嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和猪毛菜都存在茎叶吸水现象。小叶锦鸡儿比差不嘎蒿和猪毛菜更能够适应科尔沁沙地的生存环境。Foliar absorption of rainfall water can greatly improve water condition and meet water needs for plants in arid and semi-arid areas, and the characteristics analysis of direct foliar rainwater absorp- tion have an important significance for the adaptive strategies research of plant water physiology ecology. To research the foliar absorption characteristics of rainfall water in Horqin Sandy Land, three common plants （Artemisia halodendron, Caragana microphyUa and Salsola collina） were selected to study the characteristics of foliar absorption by the control experiments of natural rainfall, foliar water-exclusion and root water-exclusion, and the dynamics of plant water potential before and after rainfall were meas- ured by the pressure chamber method. The results showed that： （1） compared with before rainfall, the plant water potential of A. halodendron, C. microphyUa and S. collina approximately increased 66.7%, 59.5% and 87.9% after the rain, respectively, and the plant water potential in second day increased 73.2%, 86.7% and 90.6%, respectively. （2） No significant difference of water potential in stem and leav- es of A. halodendron and S. collina were detected between the rainwater-exclusion experiments of dif- ferent position, but water potential in stem and leaves of C. microphyUa had significant difference. （3） Our results suggested that the common plants of A. halodendron, C. microphylla and S. collina in Horqin Sandy Land all have the function of direct foliar rainwater adsorption, and that C. microphyUa is more able to adapt the survival environment in Horqin Sandy Land compared with A. halodendron and S. collina.

关 键 词：叶片吸水 茎叶水势 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]