基于停车许可证的路外公共停车设施最优收费定价:基础模型及其扩展  

Optimal Pricing Models of Public Off-street Parking Facilities Based on Parking Permits:Basic Model and Its Extension

作　　者：王鹏飞 关宏志[1] WANG Peng-fei;GUAN Hong-zhi(Beijing Key Laboratory of Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Urban Construction,Hebei Normal University of Science ＆ Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]河北科技师范学院城市建设学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2018年第9期182-190,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51338008;71771013);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2018407051);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2018263);江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAA208030);秦皇岛市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(201703A228)

摘　　要：为探求路外公共停车设施的最优收费定价机制及其实现手法,构建了基于停车许可证的最优停车设施收费定价基础模型及其扩展模型。在基础模型中,首先利用出行者对各停车设施的评价额度,构建停车许可证的最优分配模型;而后,通过拍卖机制(例如升价拍卖代理系统)即可确定各停车设施的最优收费定价。在扩展模型中,将购买停车许可证的时间点由一个扩展为多个,并开发了一种可实现最优收费定价的调优法。最后,通过数值算例验证了升价拍卖代理系统在实现路外公共停车设施最优收费定价方面的可行性以及调优法在求解扩展模型方面的有效性。分析结果表明:将停车许可证制度导入停车设施后的出行者均衡状态与社会最优状态是一致的;利用升价拍卖代理系统可求解得到最优许可证分配方式与最优停车设施收费定价;同时,最优停车设施收费定价具有防止出行者进行虚假申报的制约机制;相较评价额度,停车泊位总数的变化对最优收费定价的影响较大(即敏感因素);多个停车许可证购买时间点条件下所实现的社会福利高于单一购买时间点;应用调优法可以使管理者在有限步骤内求解得到多购买时间点条件下的最优停车许可证分配方式及最优收费定价;利用此调优法可使政策在较少的步骤内实现较高的社会福利。To clarify the mechanism of optimal pricing for public off-street parking facilities and its implementation method,this paper establishes a basic model and an extension model that can determine the optimal price for parking facilities based on parking permits.In the basic model,firstly,using users＇valuation for parking permits,we establish a model that can determine their optimal allocation.Next,using an auction mechanism（e.g.,ascending proxy agent system）,we obtain the optimal price for each parking facility.In the extension model,the single purchase period of parking permits is extended to multiple purchase periods.Under such settings,wepropose an evolutionary method to achieve the optimal price.Finally,through a numerical experiment,we verify the feasibility of the ascending proxy agent system for optimal pricing and the validity of the evolutionary method for solving the extension model.The results reveal the following：the user equilibrium state under the parking permits is consistent with the social optimal state;we obtain the optimal allocation and prices of parking permits using an ascending proxy agent system;the optimal price has strategy-proofness which lets the users report their valuation truthfully;compared with the valuation for parking permits,the variation of the number of parking spaces is more sensitive for the optimal pricing;multiple purchase periods can achieve higher social welfare than that of single purchase period;using the evolutionary method,we obtain the optimal allocation of parking permits and optimal prices in a finite number of iterations;and the evolutionary method achieves high social welfare in a few iterations.

关 键 词：交通运输经济 最优收费定价机制 调优法 路外公共停车设施 停车许可证 拍卖机制 

分 类 号：F540[经济管理—产业经济]