基施氮肥形态及用量对小麦根际土壤脲酶活性垂直分布的影响  

Effects of Different Kinds of Basal Application Slow-release Fertilizers and Dosages on Vertical Distribution of Urease Activity in Wheat Rhizosphere Soil

作　　者：李军辉 夏清[1] 杨珍平[1] 张霞 孙敏[1] 高志强[1] 耿伟娜 廖平强 张晓琰 杨孟丽 LI Junhui;XIA Qing;YANG Zhenping;ZHANG Xia;SUN Min;GAO Zhiqiang;GENG Weina;LIAO Pingqiang;ZHANG Xiaoyan;YANG Mengli(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2018年第11期1852-1858,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B04-2);国家自然科学基金项目(31101113);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);山西省留学办重点资助项目(2015-Key 4);国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);山西省青年基金项目(20031047)

摘　　要：试验在山西农业大学生态研究室进行。供试小麦品种为CA0547,试验采用根管土柱法,裂区设计,其中,主处理为氮肥形态:铵态氮(硫酸铵)、硝态氮(NPK复合肥)、酰胺态氮(尿素);副处理为纯氮用量:75,150,225 kg/hm2共3个梯度。以研究氮肥形态及用量对小麦根际土壤脲酶活性垂直分布的影响,探究合适的氮肥形态,为高效节省化肥施用及改良土壤环境提供理论依据。结果表明,3种形态氮肥对脲酶活性的影响差异显著(P<0.05),且酰胺态氮>铵态氮>硝态氮;纯氮用量在0～225 kg/hm2时,随着用量的增加,脲酶活性显著增加(P<0.05);施用不同形态N肥后,20～40 cm土层的脲酶活性显著大于其他土层(P<0.05),并且与未施肥处理相比,施肥处理的各个土层脲酶活性均有增加趋势,试验中,酰胺态氮肥施用量达到225 kg/hm2时,0～100 cm土层脲酶活性在所有处理中最大;拔节期脲酶活性高于成熟期。酰胺态氮是提高0～100 cm土层土壤脲酶活性的最好形态。The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different kinds of controlled-release fertilizers on the verticaldistribution of urease activity in wheat rhizosphere soil, to explore suitable fertilization treatments and to providea theoretical basis forsaving fertilizer use and improving soil environment. The experiment was conducted in the ecological laboratory of Shanxi AgriculturalUniversity. The wheat variety tested was CA0547. The experiment applied the method of root pipe within soil and was designed with splitzones. The main treatments were three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers （ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, amide nitrogen） . The sub-treatmentswere three rates of nitrogen fertilizers（75, 150, 225 kg/hm2） . The results showed that the effect of three nitrogen fertilizers on ureaseactivity was significantly different （amide nitrogen〉ammonia nitrogen〉nitrate Nitrogen）（P〈0.05） . When the controlled releasefertilizer range was 0-225 kg/hm2, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the urease activity increased significantly （P〈0.05） . After the various kinds of slow-release fertilizers were applied, the urease activity of 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher thanother soil layers（P〈0.05） . Compared with unfertilized treatments, urease activity in all soil layers had an increasing trend under all thefertilization treatments. When the fertilization amount of amide nitrogen fertilizer reached 225 kg/hm2, the soil urease activity of 0-100 cmwas the maximum among all the treatments. The soil urease activity of jointing stage was better than that of mature stage. Amide nitrogenis a better form of nitrogen fertilizer than other two nitrogen fertilizers to improve soil urease activity in 0-100 cm soil layers.

关 键 词：氮肥形态 氮肥用量 冬小麦 根际土壤脲酶活性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]