瑞士水库大坝安全管理与启示  

Reservoir dam safety surveillance mode of Switzerland and its enlightenment

作　　者：张士辰[1,2] 王昭升[1,2] 杨正华[1,2] Zhang Shichen;Wang Zhaosheng;Yang Zhenghua

机构地区：[1]水利部大坝安全管理中心,南京210029 [2]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《中国水利》2018年第20期54-58,共5页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2016YFC0401603);国家自然科学基金资助(41671504;51679151;51779154);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(Y717009;Y718010;Y717008;Y717010)

摘　　要：瑞士大坝安全监管模式是传统方式与现代理念良好结合的典范,历史上未发生一起溃坝事故,其监控模式被国际大坝委员会所推崇,对我国水库大坝安全管理具有启发和借鉴意义。在介绍瑞士大坝基本情况和安全监控理念的基础上,系统分析了瑞士大坝安全监控模式,深入挖掘了瑞士大坝安全监控特征,通过中瑞两国大坝安全管理模式的对比分析,提出了构建安全文化、明确管理责任、加强监测检查、创新管理模式、重视放空要求、完善金属结构测试制度等一系列可供中国借鉴的瑞士经验。Reservoir dam safety surveillance mode of Switzerland is a classic example combining traditional modes and modern concept. There is no dam failure in history of Switzerland. Swiss dam safety surveillance mode is praised by ICOLD. Based on introduction of concepts of dam surveillance in Switzerland, dam safety surveillance mode is analyzed systemically, and characters of safety surveillance in Switzerland is deeply excavated, and through comparing dam safety management mode in China with that in Switzerland, Swiss experiences which are building up safety culture, clearing management responsibility, strengthening monitoring and inspection, creating new modes, emphasizing on emptying reservoir, perfecting metal structure testing et al. are put forward.

关 键 词：瑞士 中国 水库大坝 安全管理 启示 

分 类 号：TV698.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]