不同水氮处理对滴灌春小麦氮素积累转运及产量的影响  

Effects of different water and nitrogen application rates on the accumulation and translocation of nitrogen and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation

作　　者：胡语妍 万文亮 王江丽[1] 刁明 Hu Yuyan;Wan Wenliang;Wang Jiangli;Diao Ming(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/The Key laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院农学系/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期448-456,共9页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD42B03)

摘　　要：为了明确施氮量和灌溉量对小麦花后干物质、氮素积累与转运的影响及其与产量关系,本研究在大田滴灌条件下,研究了常规灌溉Wc和适度亏缺灌溉W1、W2、W3,Wc灌水量5250 m3/hm2,W1、W2、W3总灌水量均为4575m3/hm2和施氮量,常规施氮N20(300 kg/hm2)、氮肥后移N16a (240 kg/hm2)、氮肥前移N16b(240 kg/hm2)、不施氮N0(0 kg/hm2),对春小麦开花前后的干物质积累和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明:小麦干物质的积累量理论值以适度水分亏缺下氮肥前移N16b积累的干物质量理论值高于氮肥后移N16a。氮素积累量在4个灌溉水平下以适度亏缺灌溉的W1水平最大,施氮量为0-300 kg/hm2范围内氮素累积量随施氮量的增加而增加;氮素转运量和贡献率以茎鞘为最大,叶片次之,颖轴最小,水分和施氮量的增加有助于氮素的转运。适度亏缺W1水平下N16b施氮处理的小麦籽粒产量与N20差异不显著;相同施氮量下,W1水平N16b处理的氮肥生产效率达到33.38%,显著高于N16a、N20,N16b的氮肥农学利用率为17.66%,显著高于N16a、N20。综上结果表明:W1N16b处理既保证了小麦的产量与品质,又减少了水氮资源的投入,提高了经济效益且保护了生态环境,因此W1N16b为本实验下的最优水氮耦合模式。To explore the effects of different nitrogen and water application rates on the accumulation of dry matter,accumulation and transport of nitrogen after anthesis,and their relationship with yield of spring wheat,we studied the conventional irrigation and moderate deficit irrigation with drip irrigation in the field in the present study. The conventional irrigation was set at 5250 m3/hm2 （Wc） and moderate deficient irrigation was set at 4575 m3/hm2（W1,W2 and W3）. The way of deficit irrigation was used in different growth stages. Nitrogen application rates were set as four levels,i.e.conventional nitrogen N20 （300 m3/hm2）,backward nitrogen N16a （240 m3/hm2）,forward nitrogen N16b（240 m3/hm2） and no nitrogen N0. The results showed that the theoretical value of the accumulation of dry matter of wheat in the forward nitrogen treatment N16b was higher than that in treatment N16a with moderate water deficit. Nitrogen accumulation of treatment W1 was the highest. Although nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate within the range of 0-300 m3/hm2. The translocation and contribution rate of nitrogen were mainly the largest in the stem and sheath,followed by the leaves,the smallest in the glumes and rachis. The increase of water and nitrogen application rate contributed to the transport of nitrogen. Under W1 the wheat grain yield there was no significant difference betweenN16b and N20. Under W1 with the same nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency of N16b reached 33.38%,which was significantly higher than that of N16a and N20. N fertilizer utilization of N16b reached 17.66%,which was significantly higher than that of N16a and N20. In conclusion,treatment W1N16b not only guaranteed the yield and quality of wheat,but also reduced the input of water and nitrogen resources,improved economic efficiency and protected the ecological environment. Therefore,treatment W1N16b is the optimal water-nitrogen coupling mode under this experiment.

关 键 词：灌水 施肥 氮素累积 氮素转运 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]