不同寄主大丽轮枝菌培养性状的比较及致病力分化的分析  

Cultural characteristics and pathogenicity differentiation among strains of Verticillium dahliae isolated from different host plants

作　　者：陈志荣 赵小强 孙琦 王元杰 黄家风[1] Chen Zhirong;Zhao Xiaoqiang;Sun Qi;Wang Yuanjie;Huang Jiafeng(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期457-466,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503109);国家自然科学基金项目(31560494)

摘　　要：为了明确不同寄主来源大丽轮枝菌培养性状的差异及致病类型的分化,本研究对分离自6个寄主的8个大丽轮枝菌菌株通过PDA培养性状、产孢量和孢子萌发率的测定对其生物学性状进行了比较,对4种碳源和氮源的利用对8个菌株的营养需求进行了分析,并通过致病型和生理小种的分子鉴定及对棉花的致病力,对8个菌株的致病力分化进行了研究。培养性状结果表明:5个菌株形成菌核型菌落,3个菌株形成中间型菌落,且菌株之间的培养性状存在明显差异。产孢量和孢子萌发率的结果显示:红花上的Vnu菌株产孢量和孢子萌发率都明显高于其它菌株,具有最强的繁殖力,而番茄上的Vtr菌株的产孢量最低,马铃薯上的S2菌株的孢子萌发率最低,表明各菌株具有不同的繁殖力。对碳源和氮源的利用表明:各菌株对不同种类的碳源和氮源的利用存在明显差异,其中Vtr菌株对所有供试碳源和氮源的利用能力最好,向日葵上的S1对4种碳源的利用最差,表明菌株之间具有不同的碳氮源需求。致病型和生理小种的分子鉴定表明:Vnu为1号小种,除Vtr之外其他菌株均为2号小种,并且只有鉴定为2号小种的菌株才可以进一步分为落叶型和非落叶型;所有供试菌株均能侵染棉花引起黄萎病,马铃薯上的S2菌株和茄子上的S3菌株对棉花的致病力比棉花黄萎病菌V592强,其他菌株对棉花的致病力明显比V592菌株弱,且发病延迟,表明8个菌株致病力分化明显。This research aimed to evaluate the cultural characteristics and pathogenicity differentiation among strains of Verticillium dahliae isolated from different host plants. Eight V.dahliae stains isolated from 6 host plants were analyzed including：survey of biological characters of cultural characteristics,conidia production and spore germination; the utilization of four kinds of carbon source and nitrogen sources;identification of pathotype or physiological race by PCR amplification and pathogenicity in the cotton seedling stage. According to the quantity of microsclerotia of the colonial morphology on PDA,five strains were sclerotial type and three were intermediate type. There were significant differences in cultural characteristics among strains. The conidia production and spore germination rate of Vnu strain from safflower were significantly higher than those of other strains,so Vnu strain was regarded as the best reproductive capacity,whereas the Vtr strains from tomato had the least conidia production and S2 from potato had the lowest spore germination rate among the eight strains. The results showed that each strain had different reproductive capacity. There were significant differences in the utilization of different types of carbon source and nitrogen source among different strains. Vtr strain grew best but S1 stain grew worst on four kinds of different carbon and nitrogen media,indicating that these strains had different nutritional requirements. Vnu strain belonged to race 1 and other strains belonged to race 2 except Vtr strain by PCR. Furthermore,only race 2 could be classified as defoliating pathotype and nondefoliating pathotype. The symptoms of cotton diseases caused by potato S2 strain and S3 strain of eggplant were stronger than that of cotton V59,whereas symptoms caused by other stains were obviously weaker than that of strain V592,and the disease was delayed.. Our results suggested that the pathogenicity varies among the strains from different host plant.

关 键 词：大丽轮枝菌 培养性状 致病类型 生理小种 致病力分化 

分 类 号：Q939.34[生物学—微生物学]