16世纪中期的东亚海域与火器传播  

Maritime World and the Spread of Gunpowder Weapons in East Asia in Mid-16th Century

作　　者：中岛乐章[1] 沈玉慧 Nakajima Gakusho

机构地区：[1]日本九州大学文学部东洋史研究室 [2]台北中研院人文社会科学研究中心

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2017年第1期198-224,共27页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：一东亚＂火器时代＂与日本众所周知,火器的发明始于北宋。11世纪,首先出现将火药填入球形容器内点火,以投石机抛射的火球（＂火毬＂）,而后是将火药包附着于箭上,以弓箭发射的＂火药箭＂等。13世纪宋金相峙时期,枪头系上装有火药的竹筒、点火发射的＂火枪＂逐渐用于实战。侵略九州的元朝军队所用的＂てつはう＂（tetuhou,铁炮）属火球类的火器。From late 14^（th） to 15^（th） centuries, the Chinese-derived gunpowder technology and weapons spread to many East and Southeast Asia countries, Which thus entered the first decade of ＂ firearms times＂. But there was an exception：Japan. Since the Portuguese came to Asia in early 16^（th） century, these countries entered the second decade of ＂firearms times＂. And in this decade, Japan became a ＂firearms empire＂. Many Scholars discussed about the year, people and route of that the firearms had been introduced into Japan on the historical resources in Portuguese and Japanese, made different or opposite conclusion. This paper tries to analysis three important resources and make a reasonable hypothesis at first. Then based on many new evidences especially the Chinese resources in Piyu Zaji（《甓余杂集》）written by famous anti-Japanese pirates officer Zhu Wan（朱纨）in Jiajing Regime（嘉靖年间）,deals with the spread of Portuguese gunpowder weapons and their technology into Japan and its context, such as the change of maritime world in East Asia in Mid-16 th Century.

关 键 词：火器 东亚 传播 海域 中期 球形容器 火药 点火 

分 类 号：K303[历史地理—历史学]