潮汕入声:从阴高阳低到阴低阳高  

Checked Tones of Chaoshan(潮汕) Dialect:from “Yin-High vs. Yang-Low” to “Yin-Low vs. Yang-High”

作　　者：张静芬 朱晓农[2,3] ZHANG Jing-fen;ZHU Xiao-nong(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Foshan University,Guangdong Foshan 52800,China;College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510000,China;Division of Humanities,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Hong Kong,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院中文系,广东佛山528000 [2]暨南大学华文学院,广州510000 [3]香港科技大学人文学部

出　　处：《语言研究》2018年第4期15-27,共13页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"基于实验语音学的粤东闽南语声调演变模式研究"(17YJC740114)

摘　　要：潮汕方言的入声经历了从"阴高阳低"到"阴低阳高"的演化,此过程并非"翻转(flip-flop)"变化,而是语音上的连续演变,大致经历了四个阶段:阶段一,假设早期潮汕入声与相邻的漳泉入声一样,如晋江闽语,入声格局为"阴高阳低";阶段二,以云澳闽语为代表,入声格局是"阴中降阳中升";阶段三,以达濠闽语为代表,入声格局是"阴低降阳高升";阶段四,以汕头闽语为代表,入声格局是"阴低阳高"。阴入、阳入在语音连续变化的过程中之所以没有发生合并,是因为两者的基频走向不同,而基频走向不同的主导因素是发声态:导致阴入基频下降的是嘎裂声,导致阳入基频上升的是张声。We argue that the historical ＂flip-flop＂ of Chaoshan checked tones is not a sudden change, but is accomplished via a process of gradual phonetic change. At the first stage, the pattern of checked tones of Chaoshan dialects is the same as that in Zhangquan dialect, such as Jinjiang dialect, being ＂Yin-high vs. yang-low＂; At the second stage, the pattern of checked tones is ＂Yin-mid-falling vs. yang-mid-rising＂, and just like the case in Yun＇ao dialect; At the third stage, the pattern of checked tones is ＂Yin-falling-low vs. yang-rising-high＂, and the example is drawn from Dahao dialect. The last stage is ＂yin-low vs. yang-high＂, which can be found in most Chaoshan dialects. The transitional stages are characterized by distinctive pitch contours, which are triggered by different phonation types, with creaky voice in T4a and fortis voice （the final glottal stop） in T4b, respectively.

关 键 词：入声演化 翻转(flip-flop) 阴高阳低 阴低阳高 连续音变 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]