汉语方言与“给”义动词相关的受益格标记  

Benefactive Markers Related to Verbs Meaning “to Give” in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：黄晓雪 贺学贵 HUANG Xiao-xue;HE Xue-gui(School of Humanities,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006,China;School of Foreign Languages,Guangdong Baiyun University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510450,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广州510006 [2]广东白云学院外国语学院,广州510450

出　　处：《语言研究》2018年第4期80-85,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"汉语‘动(+宾)+补’语序及相关语法演变研究"(17BYY028)

摘　　要：汉语方言中源于"给"义动词的受益格标记主要分布在官话区、徽语以及一些吴语、闽语中。双宾A式是"给"义动词演变为受益格标记的条件。"V给+Or+Ot"经过语用类推形成"V给+Or+VP",即由"给予某人某物"联想到"给予某人动作行为","V给"语法化为受益格标记,从而形成"受益格标记+O+VP"格式的施益句。此外,广西粤语中还有"VP+受益格标记+O"格式的施益句,其受益格标记由介宾补语式的双及物结构"V+Ot+与格标记+Or"中的与格标记演变而来,这种演变的产生跟壮语等SVO语言的影响有关。Benefactive markers derived from verbs meaning ＂to give＂ in Chinese dialects are mainly distributed in the areas of mandarin Chinese, Hui dialect, and some areas of Wu dialect and Min dialect. ＂Vgei＋Or＋ Ot＂ is the condition for verbs meaning ＂to give＂ to evolve into benefactive markers. ＂Vgei＋Or＋Ot＂ formed into ＂V＋Or＋VP＂ through pragmatic analogy. Namely, ＂to give someone something＂ was associated with ＂to give someone some behavior＂, ＂Vgei＂ grammaticalized into benefactive markers, and then formed into the benefactive pattern with the construction ＂benefactive markers＋O＋VP＂. Besides, there also exists a benefactive pattern ＂VP＋benefactive markers＋O＂ in Cantonese Guangxi and its benefactive markers were evolved from the dative prepositions with preposition-object-complement ditransitive construction ＂V＋Ot＋dative prepositions＋Or＂. This evolution is related to the influence of SVO languages such as Zhuang on these dialects.

关 键 词：“给”义动词 受益格标记 双及物结构 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]