民航空难事故赔偿:制度检视与完善路径  

Civil Aviation Accident Compensation:System Review and Improvement Path

作　　者：董念清[1] Dong Nianqing

机构地区：[1]中国民航管理干部学院,北京100102

出　　处：《法学杂志》2018年第10期73-84,共12页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：空难赔偿关系到普通民众基本民事权利的实现。长期以来,我国实行的限额赔偿责任制使当事人的权利难以得到充分的救济和保障。而空难赔偿法律制度与赔偿实践"两张皮"的现象也使法律的权威性和确定性荡然无存。国际航空运输领域已经从限额赔偿走向无限额赔偿。在国内航空运输领域,美国、日本以及欧盟等,或自始就实行无限额责任制,或从限额责任制转变为无限额责任制。当前空难损害赔偿的主流是实行无限额责任制。修订我国航空承运人责任制度,不能完全照搬或套用国际条约的规定。我国台湾地区的空难损害赔偿法律制度对于完善我国航空承运人责任制度具有重要的借鉴意义。空难赔偿,表面上看是赔偿金额问题,实际上体现的是对生命的敬重。Compensation for air accidents is related to the realization of basic civil rights of ordinary people.China has for a long time implemented the system of limited liability for compensation,making it difficult for passengers to be adequately compensated and protected.The phenomenon of＂two skins＂in the legal system of air crash compensation and the practice of compensation also wiped out the authority and certainty of the law.In international air transport,there has been a transition from limited liability to unlimited liability.In domestic air transport,the U-nited States,Japan and the European Union,among others,have either adopted the system of unlimited liability from the beginning or changed from the system of limited liability to the system of unlimited liability.At present,the mainstream of compensation for air crash damage is the unlimited liability system.It is not appropriate to amend the liability system of China’s air carriers by simply copying or applying the provisions of international treaties.The legal system of compensation for air disaster damages in Taiwan is of great significance for improving the liability system of air carriers in China.Air crash compensation,on the surface,is an amount of money,but in fact it reflects respect for life.

关 键 词：民航空难 损害赔偿 限额责任 无限额责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]