三亚地区儿童体外变应原检测及结果分析  

In vitro allergen analysis of children from Sanya area

作　　者：陈丽婷[1] 陈垂婉[1] CHEN Li-ting;CHEN Chui-wan(Department of Clinical Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省三亚市妇幼保健院检验科,三亚572000

出　　处：《现代免疫学》2018年第5期394-399,共6页Current Immunology

摘　　要：为探讨三亚地区儿童常见变应原的致敏情况及分布,为儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据,采用Mediwiss公司敏筛定量变应原检测系统及其专用体外变应原诊断试剂对1 173例患儿进行常见的吸入性与食入性变应原体外免疫检测,并计算各种过敏所占阳性比,同时比较三亚地区不同年龄段吸入组及食入组变应原阳性率的变化趋势。结果显示:①在所有吸入组变应原中,首要变应原为户尘螨(26.09%),其次为猫、狗毛皮屑(24.30%),混合树花粉(18.67%),混合真菌(13.73%),屋尘(8.18%)等;随年龄增长,混合真菌和猫、狗毛皮屑阳性率总体呈下降趋势,户尘螨、屋尘、矮豚草蒿葎草、混合树花粉、苋、蟑螂阳性率呈上升趋势;户尘螨,屋尘,猫、狗毛皮屑等阳性在A～D年龄组中的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),最常见的双重阳性组合为户尘螨+猫、狗毛皮屑,其次为户尘螨+屋尘。②在食入组变应原中居于前3位的分别为牛奶、腰果、鸡蛋白;随着年龄的增长,牛奶的阳性率呈下降趋势,菠萝呈上升趋势,其他变应原变化规律不明显;除腰果、菠萝外,其他变应原阳性率在A～D年龄组间的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。由此可知,海南三亚地区过敏患儿变应原分布与国内外其他地区存在差异。三亚地区导致儿童过敏性疾病的前5位变应原依次为:牛奶,户尘螨,猫、狗毛皮屑,腰果,鸡蛋白,食入性变应原居于首位。To explore the allergens and allergen distribution in children from Sanya area,and to provide scientific data for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children from this area,the allergen detection system of Mediwiss Company and its special in vitro allergen diagnostic reagent were used to detect the common inhalant and ingestion allergens in 1 173 children from this area,and the positive rate of various allergies was calculated.At the same time,the allergen positive rates of the inhaled and ingested groups were compared.The results showed that the primary allergen in the inhaled group was dust mites（26.09%）,followed in descending order by hair dandruff of cat and dog（24.30%）,mixed tree pollen（18.67%）,mixed fungi（13.73%）,and house dust（8.18%）.With the increase of age,the positive rate of mixed fungi,cat and dog hair dandruff decreased,and the positive rate of dust mites,house dust,artemisia,mixed pollen,amaranth and cockroach increased.The distribution of positive rates of dust mites,house dust,hair dandruff of cats and dogs in group A to D were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.In the inhalant group the most common double positive combination was dust mites with hair dandruff of cats and dogs,followed by house dust and dust mites.In the ingested group the 3 most frequent allergens were milk,cashew and egg white.With the increase of age,the positive rate of milk showed a downward trend,in contrary,pineapple showed an upward trend,whereas the other allergens showed no obvious change,except cashew and pineapple,the distribution of other allergens in group A to D were statistically significant（P〈0.01）.Together,our study shows that the top five allergens leading to allergic diseases in Sanya children were milk,dust mites,dog hair dandruff,cashew nut and egg white.

关 键 词：变应原 体外免疫检测 儿童 

分 类 号：R765.22[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]