亲社会行为的阶层差异:施与受的双重视角  

Difference of Prosocial Behavior between Social Classes: Dual Perspective of Giving and Receiving

作　　者：赵华丽 徐凤娇 郭永玉 舒首立[5] ZHAO Hua-li;XU Feng-jiao;GUO Yong-yu;SHU Shou-li(School of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Xiangyang No.5 Middle School,Xiangyang 441057,China;Shanghai Educational Publishing House,Shanghai 201906,China;School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Educational Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]襄阳市第五中学,襄阳441057 [3]上海教育出版社,上海201906 [4]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210023 [5]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2018年第5期841-846,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71171094)

摘　　要：目的:通过两个研究来探讨社会阶层与亲社会行为的关系。方法:研究一采用独裁者实验范式,考查亲社会行为是否受到亲社会行为施予者和接受者阶层的影响。研究二同时考查两种不同的亲社会行为类型:助人与合作。结果:研究一发现高阶层者会比低阶层者表现出更多的亲社会行为,低阶层者会得到更多的亲社会行为,施与者和接受者社会阶层的交互效应不显著。研究二发现,三项交互作用显著:施予者和接受者的阶层对助人行为的影响与研究一相同;而在合作行为中,如果合作对象是低阶层者,高阶层者比低阶层有更多的合作行为,但当合作对象是高阶层者时,却没有体现出阶层差异。结论:两个研究共同表明,存在着亲社会行为的阶层差异,这种阶层差异会受到亲社会行为类型的调节。Objective： In our study, we investigated the relationship between social class and prosocial behavior in two studies. Methods： The first study adopted the ＂dictator game＂ to test whether the prosocial behavior of different social classes was affected by the recipient＇ s social class. The second study took two types of prosocial behavior into account： help- ing and cooperation. Results： The result of the first study indicated that the people of upper class were inclined to show more prosocial behavior than the lower ones; the lower ones were more likely to receive prosocial behavior. No significant in- teractions between social class of prosocial behavior givers and recipients was observed. The result of the second study indi- cated that a significant interaction between social class of prosocial behavior givers and recipients and the types of prosocial behaviors. However, as for the cooperation behavior, when the partner was a high class individual, both the upper class and lower class showed more cooperation behavior, no significant difference was found between social classes; but when the part- ner was a lower class individual, upper class showed more cooperation behavior than lower class. Conclusion： Prosocial be- havior is influenced by social classes, which may be moderated by the type of prosocial behavior.

关 键 词：社会阶层 亲社会行为 助人 合作 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]