中外产科学发展史  

The History of Chinese and Foreign Obstetrics

作　　者：王台[1] WANG Tai(Surgical Department,Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Qinghai University,Xi＇ning 8100011)

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学院附属医院外科,西宁810001

出　　处：《中国中西医结合杂志》2018年第10期1253-1258,共6页Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

摘　　要：地球上的各种生物都具有传宗接代的功能和天性,使其物种得以延绵不断,长久存在于天地之间,人类当然也不例外。远古的人类也像其他动物一样,妊妇自行分娩和处理婴儿的脐带。进入文明社会以后,才产生了产科学,由助产人员处理与分娩有关的一切事宜。在古代,妇女分娩是一件非常凶险的经历,所谓的"血光之灾",往往危及性命。妊娠子痫惊厥、骨盆畸形和胎位不正的难产、羊水栓塞、产后胎盘滞留或宫缩无力大出血、产褥热和新生儿破伤风等感染都是难以处理的致命原因。直到产科学实现现代化以前产妇的死亡率一直居高不下。在中国,随着宋朝以来中医产科学的发展,尤其是新中国建立后,新法接生的推广,产妇和新生儿死亡率也有显著下降。All biological species on the earth,both animals and plants,have their reproductive instinct to carry on their species generation by generation,same as in human beings.As other mammal animals,the human maternal mothers in primitive society also manage childbirth and cut the umbilical cord of baby by themselves. The obstetrics was developed only after the human history got into civilized society,the childbirth was managed by special person—midwifery. In ancient time,the childbirth was a life-threateniig experience to women,so-called＂bloody diszaster＂. The preeclampsia,convulsion,difficult childbirth due to deformity of pelvis and abnormal position of fetus,amniotic fluid embolism,serious bleeding after birth due to retention of placenta or poor uterine contraction,puerperal fever and tetanus of newborn baby are all fetal causes of childbirth,difficult to manage. Before modernization of obstetrics,the death rate of puerperal women was continuously maintained at a high-level. Following the modernization of obstetrics in western countries,the death rate of pregnant and puerperal women was markedly reduced. In China,following the development of obstetrics since Song dynasty,especially after the establishment of new China,and wide practice of modern midwifery,the death rates of puerperal women and newborn babies were also markedly reduced.

关 键 词：产科学 产妇 新生儿 

分 类 号：R714[医药卫生—妇产科学]