人工湿地处理高速公路服务区污水效能  

Ecological treatment process of sewage in expressway service area

作　　者：姬国斌 张楠[1] JI Guo-bin;ZHANG Nan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期176-181,共6页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21406090);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2017JM2014)

摘　　要：以预处理和人工湿地为主体工艺对高速公路服务区污水进行处理,探讨污染物去除效果的影响因素。预处理以膜分离技术与生物处理技术作为主要的处理手段,对污水进行预治理。将对预处理后的出水进一步进行人工湿地处理,达到污水回用标准,并分别测定了预处理和人工湿地对污染物的去除效率。同时探讨了温度、子系统类型、填料高度对生态处理工艺的影响。结果表明:预处理的出水生物需氧量及总氮值去除波动较大,而人工湿地对水化学需氧量(COD)、五日生物需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮和总氮去除的水平较好。经预处理+人工湿地处理后,服务区污COD、BOD5、氨氮及总氮的去除率均大于95%,出水水质满足《城市污水再利用景观环境用水》(GB/T18921—2002)要求,达污水回用标准。而膜阻力测定结果显示,预处理中膜污染主要来源于泥饼层,膜固有阻力对膜污染几乎无影响。高温季节有利于总氮的去除,低温季节会影响化学需氧量的去除;添加大棚人工湿地子系统,由于强化生物膜的作用,生态处理工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果得到了提高;填料高度为40cm时大部分氨氮通过微生物作用被去除。填料高度为20cm时大部分COD被去除。该结果为今后高速公路服务区污水处理及回用方法研究提供了有益探索。Pretreatment and constructed wetland treatments were used as the main processes to treat sewage in the expressway service area.Membrane separation and biological treatment technologies were used for the principal methods of pretreatment of wastewater. After pretreatment,the constructed wetland treats the effluent to attain a certain sewage reuse standard.Removal efficiencies of pollutants in pretreatment and constructed wetland treatment were measured.The effects of temperature,subsystem type,and packing height on ecological treatment were also discussed.The results show that the removal of chemical oxygen demand（COD）,5 days biochemical oxygen demand（BOD5）,ammonia nitrogen,and total nitrogen in the constructed wetland achieve good success.After both pretreatment and constructed wetland treatment,the removal rates in the service area are all greater than 95%,and the effluent water quality meets 《The reuse of urban recycling water：Water quality standard for scenicenvironment use》（GB/T 18921—2002）.Membrane pollution in the pretreatment mainly stems from the mud cake layer,while the inherent microbial resistance of the membrane has little effect on the membrane pollution,based on membrane resistance measurements.The high-temperature season is beneficial to the removal of total nitrogen,while the low-temperature season affects the removal of COD.The addition of a constructed wetland subsystem in the greenhouse will improve the removal of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen by the ecological treatment process due to strengthening of the biofilm.Most ammonia nitrogen is removed by microbial action at a packing height of 40 cm,while most COD is successfully removed at a packing height of 20 cm.The results of this study are useful for exploration of the methods of wastewater treatment and its reuse in the expressway service area.

关 键 词：交通工程 水污染控制 高速公路服务区 生态处理工艺 

分 类 号：U491.9[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]