基于承运人横向合作的运输企业联盟绩效  

Performance evaluation of transport enterprise based on carrier's horizontal alliance

作　　者：李华强 刘浩学[1] 刘丹[2] LI Hua-qiang;LIU Hao-xue;LIU Dan(School of Automobile,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Economics and Management,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an 710064,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期182-188,共7页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61806021;71701022);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(15YJCZH093);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2014P08);陕西省重大理论与现实研究项目(2018Z158);中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目(310823160645;310823170431)

摘　　要：为提高资源利用率,降低运输企业运营成本,实现集约化运输,分析了运输企业横向联盟绩效问题。基于周期性车辆路径问题(PVRP),提出联盟绩效评估模型,通过联盟利润P和联盟利润占独立运营成本的百分比S来描述。在改进迭代局部算法(ILS)的基础上,通过实例分析运输企业的不同伙伴特征(订单数量、平均订单规模、最多延迟天数)对联盟绩效的影响,研究拓展了原有仅考虑相似特征企业的联盟问题,设计了不同企业特征联盟的3种试验情景:考虑主效应的回归模型、考虑主效应和交互作用的回归模型、不同伙伴具有相同特征的交互作用。研究表明:运输企业通过组建联盟、横向合作,可以获得更大的利润。利润大小取决于形成联盟的合作伙伴交付的订单数量,订单的平均规模,以及允许延期的最长天数。其中,平均订单规模是联盟利润中最具影响力的特征,最有成效的联盟是由具有平均订单规模互补的企业组成,企业的订单数量也对联盟利润产生了很大的影响。该研究评估了不同特征的企业横向联盟的绩效问题,为运输企业寻找潜在的合作伙伴提供了建议。In order to improve the utilization of resources,reduce their operational costs of transport enterprises and realize intensive transport,the performance of horizontal alliance of transport enterprises was studied.Based on the periodic vehicle routing problem（PVRP）,an alliance performance simulation model was proposed,which consisted of alliance profit Pand the percentage of alliance profit on operating costs independently S.Based on the iterated local search（ILS）algorithm,the influence of different characteristics in transport enterprises（order quantity,average order size,maximum delay days）on alliance performance were discussed through a simulation study.Unlike past research which considered only similar characteristics of the enterprises,these three experiments were designed,considering different characteristics ofenterprises,and regression models with main effects only.Regression models with main effects and interaction effects,and interactions involving the same characteristic in different partners.The results show that transport enterprises can achieve greater profits by alliance and horizontal cooperation.The profit size depends on the number of orders,average order size,and maximum number of days that an order can be delayed.Among these characteristics,the number of orders is the most influential feature on alliance’s profit,and the most effective alliance is composed of enterprises with complementary average order size.Order quantity also has a great impact on the alliance profit.This research provides advice for transportation companies to find potential partners.

关 键 词：交通工程 运输经济 横向合作 运输企业联盟 成本分配 周期性车辆路径问题 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]