土地收益权质押:一个虚幻的担保  

Pledge of Land Usufruct:An Unreal Guarantee

作　　者：赵申豪 ZHAO Shenhao(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第6期66-74,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省社科联重点课题研究项目(SSKLZDKT2017122)

摘　　要：为缓解融资困境,各地都在探索农村金融的新模式,吉林省开展的"土地收益权质押"就是其中之一。它是指在不改变现行土地承包经营制度和土地农业用途的前提下,以土地的未来收益作为担保财产,为农户贷款提供担保的模式,该模式有"利于融资"与"避免失地"的双重优势。然而,通过仔细分析可以发现,吉林模式中的"土地收益权质押"名不副实,其实质是土地承包经营权的让与担保,存在诸多的法律弊端。而由于土地与公路等公共基础设施在"自动产生收益"这一属性上存在区别,所以无法通过借鉴"公路收费权质押"的制度经验来构建土地收益权质押。此外,利用土地未来的经营收益质押贷款的思路也不可行,理由是:经营收益由土地价值与劳动价值共同构成,而劳动价值无法登记,从而不具有优先效力;而且这种方式使得清偿能力取决于债务人自身,不符合特别担保之属性。在尚未放活经营权之前,以土地承租权担保贷款的构想较为可行,但须建立配套的登记制度。In order to alleviate the financing difficulties,new models of rural finance are being explored everywhere,one of which is the pledge of land usufruct in Jilin Province.It refers to the mode in which the future income of land is used as security property to provide guarantee for farmers’ loans without changing the current land contract management system and land agricultural use.This model has the dual advantages of＂facilitating financing＂and＂avoiding the loss of land＂.However,through analysis,the title of＂pledge of land usufruct＂in Jilin model is unworthy of the name,and its essence is alienation guarantee of management right of contracted land,which has many legal drawbacks.Because public infrastructure such as land and roads can generate benefits automatically while the land cannot,it is impossible to construct＂pledge of land usufruct＂by referring to the experience of＂pledge of highway tolling right＂.In addition,it is not feasible to use the future operating income of land to pledge loans.It is feasible to guarantee the loan with the land lease right before releasing the right of operation,but a registration system should be established.

关 键 词：土地收益权 让与担保 收费权 质押 未来收益 

分 类 号：F301.0[经济管理—产业经济] D912.3[政治法律—法学]