不同堆积密实度下尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的模型试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MODEL OF FLOOD OVERTOPPING AND DAM BREAK OF A TAILING POND UNDER DIFFERENT DEPOSIT COMPACTNESS

作　　者：党显璋 高茂生[1,2] 张力霆 汪小刚[4] 张少雄[3] DANG Xianzhang;GAO Maosheng;ZHANG Liting;WANG Xiaogang;ZHANG Shaoxiong(Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao Institute of marine geology,CGS,Qingdao 266071,China;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Shijianzuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部海洋环境地质重点实验室中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国地质大学(武汉),武汉430074 [3]石家庄铁道大学,石家庄050043 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《海洋地质前沿》2018年第9期79-84,共6页Marine Geology Frontiers

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2014FY210600);中国地质调查项目"渤海湾西部等重点海岸带综合地质调查"(DD20160144)

摘　　要：以某尾矿库为原型,基于模型相似理论,在尾矿库溃坝模型平台上分别进行了松散状态、稍密状态、密实状态下3种不同堆积密实度的尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝模型试验,研究尾矿库发生洪水漫顶后的溃决过程及机理,总结溃坝规律。结果表明,漫顶溃坝破坏的一般过程可归纳为3个阶段:细冲沟形成阶段、"陡坎"破坏导致溃口纵向发展阶段、崩塌导致的溃口横向发展阶段。通过分析3种堆坝密实度溃坝试验破坏关键点,得出提高尾矿坝堆积密实度能够有效延迟溃坝泥石流的形成时间,为下游居民撤离及制定相应的救援预案提供依据。This paper takes a tailing pond as the prototype for modeling the effect of flood overtopping and dam break under different deposit compactness.Model similarity theory is adopted for the experimental researches under loose state,dense state,and solid state respectively with different compactness and densities to study the process and mechanism of tailings pond outburst by flood overtopping.Our results suggest that the general process of overtopping dam failure can be divided into three stages：the forming stage of fine gullies,the stage of trace erosion which leads to the vertical development of breaches,and the horizontal development stage of collapse.By analyzing the schedule of the key failure points of the three kinds of dam failure with different compactness,it is found that increasing the compactness of the deposits may effectively delay the formation time of debris flow in dam break.The modeling results are helpful for evacuation of downstream residents and making of corresponding rescue plans.

关 键 词：尾矿库 漫顶溃坝 模型试验 溃坝规律 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]