南海问题与中美新型双边军事关系的构建  

US-China Maritime Encounters in the South China Sea: Developing a New Type of Military-to-Military Relations

作　　者：袁劲东 王晨雨 

机构地区：[1]澳大利亚悉尼大学国际安全研究中心 [2]澳大利亚悉尼大学政府与国际关系系

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2018年第6期20-39,152-153,共20页Journal of International Security Studies

摘　　要：南海领土争端非常复杂,与海上优势和领土主张有关的新利益和竞争背后存在战略动机。虽然20世纪90年代后期和过去十年间南海保持着相对和平,但是复现的争议及潜在的冲突升级除了凸显各声索国之间的角力外,更反映了南海问题正在由资源领土之争上升演变为中美两国的地缘战略博弈。中美两国在南海地区的互动,特别是两军愈发频繁的海空相遇以及由此引发的冲突或事故,因此中美两国发展新型双边军事关系是非常必要的。中美两国在南海附近的相遇存在冲突升级的可能性,同时,美国的亚太同盟的存在一定程度上阻碍了中美的双边军事交流。缺乏有效的沟通机制造成了中美双边军事关系的低互动性以及两国战略互信的缺失。考虑到南海作为至关重要的海上交通线,其潜在的海洋资源以及未解决的领土争端,中美两国应该如何更好地理解和解决不断出现的安全挑战并且建立管理危机的机制,这对亚太地区的重要国家(包括美国和中国)都有重大的政策启示。This paper discusses recent development in naval competition andterritorial disputes in the South China Sea and explores the strategic drivers and rationales behind the renewed interest and rivalry for maritime supremacy and territorial claims. Given the relative peace in the late 1990s and the past decade, the re-emergence of disputes and potential escalation of conflicts provide unique case studies of the two competing international relations theories on the specter of conflicts and prospect for peace in this region of growing geo-strategic salience. Given the critical sea lines of communication(SLOC), potential future maritime resources, and unresolved territorial disputes, it is of great importance to fully understand and effectively address these emerging security challenges and develop mechanisms for managing these crises that have such enormous policy implications for the key players involved, including the United States and China.

关 键 词：南海问题 领土争端 大国竞赛 中美军事交流 信任建立措施 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]