商品有机肥施用量对冬作马铃薯硅营养特性的影响  

Influence of Commercial Organic Fertilizer Application Dosages on Silicon Nutrition Characteristics of Winter Potato Production

作　　者：代啟贵 张帆 曹先维[2] 张新明[1] DAI Qi-gui 1, ZHANG Fan 1, CAO Xian-wei 2 et al(1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;2.College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51064)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第31期138-142,162,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部"现代农业产业(马铃薯)技术体系(国家马铃薯产业技术体系广州综合试验站"团队项目(CARS-9-ES14)

摘　　要：[目的]研究商品有机肥对冬作马铃薯硅营养特性的影响,为广东省冬作马铃薯生产过程中硅肥的合理施用提供技术支撑。[方法]以无肥和不施有机肥处理为对照,设5个有机肥用量处理(OM1～OM5:3 000～15 000 kg/hm2),完全随机区组设计,重复3次;并在关键生育时期取样测定马铃薯植株茎叶和块茎的全硅量。[结果]苗齐后随着生育时期的推进,各处理马铃薯全硅浓度变化表现为茎叶硅浓度总体呈下降趋势,块茎的变化处理间不同,总体下降,处理OM3浓度在0.25～0.93 g/kg;硅积累量的变化表现为茎叶呈先上升后下降的趋势,块茎硅积累量不断上升;硅分配率的变化表现为茎叶先下降后趋于平稳,块茎呈先升高后平稳的趋势,齐苗后27 d硅分配率表现为块茎>茎叶。[结论]随着有机肥施用量增加,冬作马铃薯植株中的硅积累量增加;随着冬作马铃薯生育进程的推进,硅逐渐向块茎转移,说明硅在冬作马铃薯体内具有一定的移动性。[Objective] To study the influence of the dosages of commercial organic fertilizer on the silicon nutrition characteristics of winter potato, in order to provide technical support for the rational application of silicate fertilizers in the actual production process of winter potato in Guangdong Province.[Method] Five dosages of commercial organic fertilizer （OM1-OM5： 3 000 to 15 000 kg/hm 2 ） were designed, with CK（no fertilizer） and CF （only chemical fertilizer without commercial fertilizers） as the control treatments, complete random block design method was used and three replicates for each treatment. Then in the critical growth stages, total silicon contents of leaf-stem and tuber samples were measured. [Result]With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence, the change of the total silicon concentration of potato was as follows： the stems and leaves showed a downward trend, the potato tuber showed different trend in different treatments and was overall decline, and the concentration range of OM3 was 0.25-0.93 g/kg. The change of silicon accumulation was as follows： the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased, and tuber increased. The change of silicon distribution rate was as follows： stems and leaves descend first and then tend to smooth, but tubers increased.The distribution of silicon elements in the tuber was larger than that of the stem and leaf after 27 days of emergence.[Conclusion]With the increase of commercial organic fertilizer, the silicon accumulation amounts increase in winter potato plants.Silicon nutrient would move towards tubers from leaves and stems with the growth process, which show that silicon nutrient is mobile in the winter potato plants.

关 键 词：冬作马铃薯 商品有机肥 硅 营养特性 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S131[农业科学—农业基础科学]