广西西瓜、甜瓜细菌性果斑病菌检测及药剂毒力测定  

Testing of Acidororax citrulli in Watermelon and Muskmelonin from Guangxi and Toxicity Measurement of Different Bactericides

作　　者：谢慧婷[1,2] 李战彪 谭海文[3] 秦碧霞 崔丽贤 蔡健和[1,2] XIE Hui-ting;LI Zhan-biao;TAN Hai-wen;QIN Bi-xia;CUI Li-xian;CAI Jian-he(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Key Laboratory of Biology for Grop Diseases and Insect Pest,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Guilin Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [3]广西桂林市蔬菜研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第10期2110-2116,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西特色水果创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-04-19-2);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(2015JZ58);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项基金(2014YZ26;2015YT42)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出对细菌性果斑病菌具有较好抑制作用的药剂,利用细菌性果斑病菌PCR检测技术,预防病害通过带病种子种苗传播扩散,为广西西瓜甜瓜细菌性果斑病害综合防治提供技术支撑。【方法】采用PCR方法对样品进行检测,用抑菌圈法测定13种杀菌剂对广西甜瓜细菌性果斑病菌株(WM0922-3和XD0611-7)和西瓜细菌性果斑病菌株(XD0819-2)的抑制效果。【结果】2014-2017年,检测种子共计345份,其中葫芦种子203份,检出率为6.4%;南瓜种31份,检出率为9.68%;西瓜种子66份,检出率为4.55%;甜瓜种子45份,检出率为26.67%;送检西瓜嫁接苗65份,检出率为7.69%。检测田间疑似样品共计405份,其中西瓜样品187份,检出率为10.69%;厚皮甜瓜样品186份,检出率为6.99%;薄皮甜瓜样品32份,检出率为18.75%。1号杀菌剂对3个菌株的抑制效果均为最好,有效浓度中EC50均小于0.4×10^(-3)mg/L;其后依次为40%甲醛、72%农用硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂、80%乙蒜素乳油和64%杀毒矾可湿性粉剂,其中80%乙蒜素乳油和64%杀毒矾可湿性粉剂对XD0819-2的抑制效果优于WM0922-3和XD0611-7;硫酸链霉素和12%中生菌素母药对WM0922-3和XD0611-7具有较好抑制效果,但对XD0819-2无抑制作用。47%加瑞农可湿性粉剂、30%琥胶肥酸铜可湿性粉剂、20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂、46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂、20%噻菌铜悬浮剂和2%春雷霉素水剂对3个菌株均无抑制作用。【结论】广西市售的西瓜甜瓜种子、种苗和田间样品均检测到细菌性果斑病菌,因此,应加强西瓜甜瓜种子种苗检疫管理,杜绝带病种子种苗传播病害。在生产中,建议使用1号杀菌剂和40%甲醛药剂进行种子消毒处理。【Objective】To prevent the disease spreading though seeds and seedling and provide a scientific and reasonable basis for integrateddisease control,the efficient bactericides were screened out against Acidororax citrulli（WM0922-3 and XD0611-7 from muskmelon,XD0819-2 from watermelon）.【Method】Samples were tested by PCR,and 13 bactericides were tested by inhibition zone method.【Result】During 2014-2017,345 seeds were tested including 203 gourd seeds with a positive rate of 6.4 %,31 pumpkin seeds with a positive rate of 9.68 %,66 watermelon seeds with a the positive rate of 4.55 %,45 melon seeds with a the positive rate of 26.67 % and 65 grafted watermelon seedling with a the positive rate of 7.69 %.405 suspected samples collected from field in total,including 187 melon samples with a positive rate of 10.69 %,186 muskmelon samples with a positive rate of 6.99 % and 32 thin skin melon samples with a positive rate of18.75 %.The bactericide No.1 have the best inhibition effects on Ac.,the EC50 were lower than 0.4×10-3 mg/L;followed by Formaldehyde 40 %,Streptomycin 72 % SP,Ethylicin 80% EC and Oxadixyl 64 % WP;the Ethylicin 80 % EC and Oxadixyl 64 % WP had better inhibition effects on XD0819-2 than WM0922-3 and XD0611-7;Streptomycin and ZhongShengmycin 12 % had inhibition effects on WM0922-3 and XD0611-7,but XD0819-2.But all of Kasumin ＋ bordeaux 47% WP,Succinate ＋ glutarate ＋ adipate 30 % WP,Moroxydine hydrochloride ＋ Cupric acetate 20 % WP,Copper hydroxide 46 % WG,Thiediazole copper 20 % SC,and Kasumin 2 % AS had no effects on Ac..【Conclusion】Ac.was detected from theinspection and collected samples,seeds and seedling.Therefore,the quarantine management of watermelon seeds and seedling need to be strengthened to prevent the spread of disease.In the production,the bactericide No.1 and Formaldehyde 40 % could be used for seed disinfection.

关 键 词：瓜类细菌性果斑病菌 检测 药剂 室内毒力测定 广西 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]