新型氮肥对水稻产量养分积累及吸收利用的影响  

Effects of New-type Fertilizer Application on Yield,Nutrient Accumulation and Fertilizer Utilization of Rice

作　　者：姚单君 张爱华 杨爽 吴兴洪 张钦 王文华[1] 王培官 刘文启 古应庭 李克仙 ZHANG Ai-hua;YANG Shuang;WU Xing-hong;ZHANG Qin;WANG Wen-hua;WANG Pei-guan;LIU Wen-qi;GU Ying-ting;Li Ke-xian(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou University Guizhou Guiyang 550025,China;Gaofeng Agricultural Service Centre of Guian New District,Guizhou Guian 561108,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省贵安新区高峰镇农业眼务中心,贵州贵安561108

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第10期2121-2126,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金[APF2015028];现代山地农业智能灌溉关键技术研发与示范[黔科合重大专项(2016)3001];贵州省科技计划[黔科合支撑(2016)2837号];联合基金[黔科合LH字(2014)7702号]

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同新型氮肥对贵州水稻产量、生物量及养分吸收利用的影响,探讨其在水稻种植中的节肥增产效果,筛选适宜贵州山区水稻种植的高效新型氮肥。【方法】以水稻品种乐优58为试验材料,设置普通尿素和4种新型氮肥不同施肥方案的大田对比试验。【结果】相对于普通尿素处理,新型氮肥处理均能在一定程度上改善水稻产量构成因素,增加水稻产量和地上部分生物量,其中腐植酸尿素处理水稻增产率和籽粒生物量最高,分别为16.28%、84.44 g/穴;控失尿素、腐植酸尿素、控失尿素一次追肥和普通尿素+等量锌肥处理均能提高水稻地上部分氮、磷、钾积累量,且腐植酸尿素处理能使水稻养分更多的积累在籽粒当中;腐植酸尿素处理水稻的氮肥利用率、肥料偏生产力、养分收获指数、养分吸收效率及氮肥农学效率综合表现最好,促进了水稻对养分的吸收利用。【结论】在贵州稻区施用腐殖酸尿素的效果最好。【Objective】The test aimed to research the influences different new-type nitrogenous fertilizers have on Guizhou＇s rice output,biomass,nutrient uptake and utilization and their roles in the saving fertilizer but increasing yield in the process of growing rice,from which to get the most suitable new-type nitrogenous fertilizers for rice growing of the mountainous areas of Guizhou.【Method】A field contrast experiment taking Leyou 58（a rice variety） as experimental material with different fertilization plans of common urea and four new nitrogen fertilizers was conducted.【Result】Compared with common urea treatment,the new-type nitrogenous fertilizers treatment could improve the component of rice yield to some extent,and could increase the rice output and parts of aboveground biomass,and the rice could have the highest increase rate and grain biomass by humic acid urea treatment,the number was 16.28 % and 84.44 g/hole respectively;The lost control urea,humic acid urea,the topdressing of the lost control urea or the common urea with equal zinc fertilizer could increase part of accumulation nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and humic acid urea treatment could make the rice nutrition accumulate more in the rice grain;What＇s more,through which the rice could have the best compositive expression of nitrogenous fertilizers utilization efficiency,partial fertilizer productivity,nutrient harvest index,nutrient absorption efficiency,nitrogenous fertilizers agronomic efficiency,and all of these improved the rice＇s absorption and utilization of nutrients.【Conclusion】The application of urea humic acid in rice area of Guizhou had the best effect.

关 键 词：水稻 新型氮肥 产量构成因素 产量 养分积累 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S143.5[农业科学—肥料学]