元谋干热河谷冲沟不同部位土壤质量评价  

Assessment on Soil Quality in Different Plots of Gullies in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region

作　　者：袁勇 熊东红[1,2] 校亮 吴汉[1,2,3] 张素 苏正安[1,2] 董一帆 YUAN Yong;XIONG Dong-hong;XIAO Liang;WW Han;ZHANG Su;SW Zheng-an;DONG Yi-fan(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences ＆ the Ministry of Water Resources,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第10期2165-2172,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505102);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)课题(2015CB452704);国家自然科学基金项目(41571277);中国科学院"西部之光"重点项目(Y4R2060060)

摘　　要：【目的】对元谋干热河谷冲沟侵蚀活跃区土壤质量进行评价。【方法】通过野外调查和室内分析,测定了干热河谷区3条发育相当的典型冲沟土壤理化性质,采取模糊数学方法和多元统计分析方法相结合,分析了冲沟不同部位土壤质量的综合性指标值。【结果】(1)冲沟侵蚀增加了土壤理化性质的分布差异,使土壤紧实化,造成有机质含量显著下降,加剧土壤有效性氮素和磷素损失,导致各土壤养分不同程度的贫瘠化。(2)冲沟侵蚀加剧了土壤退化程度,土壤质量指数(SQI)表现为:沟床(0.406)>集水区(0.357)>沟头(0.289)>沟岸(0.252),其中以沟岸和沟头土壤退化程度最高。(3)冲沟侵蚀引起制约土壤质量的因素由土壤化学性质转变为土壤物理性质,但冲沟土壤质量尚未退化到最低水平,适宜进行生态治理。【结论】冲沟生态治理中应抓住冲沟各部位土壤质量的关键限制性因子因地制宜、综合防治,这对进一步研究该区土壤退化过程及制定冲沟生态治理技术体系具有重要意义。【Objective】The soil quality in different plots of active gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot valley region of Southwest China was comprehensively evaluated.【Method】The soil physico-chemical properties of three typical gullies in this region were measured by combination of field investigation and laboratory analysis,and the comprehensive index value of soil quality in different plots of gullies was analyzed based on the methods of fuzzy math and multivariate statistical analysis.【Result】（i） Gully erosion increased the difference of soil physical and chemical properties in different plots of gullies,more compacted soils were observed in the region of gully erosion.Soil organic matter content decreased significantly,and available nitrogen and phosphorus of soil lost significantly because of gully erosion,which led to the impoverishment of soil nutrients in different degrees.（ii） The order of soil quality index（SQI） was as follows：Gully bed（0.406）watershed（0.357）gully head（0.289）gully bank（0.252）.This finding indicated that gully erosion exacerbated the extent of soil degradation,of which the highest degree of soil degradation was observed in gully bank,followed by gully head.（iii） However,the restrictive factors of soil comprehensive quality changed from soil chemical properties to soil physical properties due to gully erosion,it was suitable to control gully erosion by adopting ecological amelioration techniques,because the soil quality of gullies has not been degraded to the lowest level.【Conclusion】The research results would provide theoretical references for the further study on soil degradation process and for proposing the technical system of ecological amelioration in gully.

关 键 词：冲沟侵蚀 土壤退化 模糊数学 土壤质量指数 生态治理 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]