间断供液时间对营养液膜栽培番茄生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Intermittent Solution Circulation on Tomato Growth and Yield in the Nutrient Film Technique

作　　者：任毛飞 王吉庆[2] 李宇[2] 周燕[2] 马彩霞 张永豪 桑政 REN Maofei;WANG Jiqing;LI Yu;ZHOU Yah;MA Caixia;ZHANG Yonghao;SANG Zheng(Xinyang Agriculture ＆ Forestry College,Xinyang,Henan 464000;College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002)

机构地区：[1]信阳农林学院,河南信阳464000 [2]河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第20期67-75,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(S2010-03).

摘　　要：营养液膜栽培技术(NFT)是无土栽培的重要形式,为了探究中原地区日光温室早春茬番茄营养液膜栽培的供液制度,以"双抗1号"番茄品种为试材进行营养液膜栽培试验,采用间断循环供液的方式,白天以1h为循环周期,根据间隔供液时间的长短及地面上下情况设置6个处理(20、25、30、35、40、45min·h^(-1)),夜晚各处理均采用3h供液15min的供液制度。通过调查不同处理番茄生长指标、光合特性指标、产量构成指标及果实的营养品质指标,观测了栽培槽设置在地面上和地面下的根际温度,研究了间断供液制度对营养液膜栽培番茄生长及产量的影响。结果表明:不同供液制度地上部茎叶鲜质量和干质量指标差异不显著;随着白天供液时间的延长,番茄的株高呈现逐渐增加的趋势,对茎粗、叶片影响不明显;番茄根系鲜质量和干质量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、平均单果质量、优果率、产量呈先增加后减少的趋势,其中供液25、30min·h^(-1)处理下667m^2产量分别为7 948.06、7 960.93kg。随供液时间延长番茄果实干质量比呈降低趋势,可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C等品质指标含量差异不显著。相同供液制度地上栽培槽番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积、净光合速率等指标均高于地下栽培槽,地上栽培槽相比较地下栽培槽可提高根系温度1~2℃,单株坐果数增加了2.2个,优果率提高了11.75%、产量提高9.48%。Nutrient film technique is an important mode of soilless cultivation.In order to explore the solution circulation system of tomato nutrient film technique of early spring under greenhouse in the central plains.Tomato cultivar‘Shuang kang No.1＇was taken as experimental materials.It was one hour for the cycle of day,six levels（20,25,30,35,40,45 minutes for each hour）were set up intermittent solution circulation time;solution circulation system of night was providing water for 3 hours every 15 minutes.Tomato development and photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality were investigated.The effects of intermittent solution circulation time on the growth and yield of tomato in NFT were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference in fresh weight and dry weight of tomato overground part.With the extension of time for the irrigation,the plant height of tomato showed a trend of increasing gradually,no significant difference in stem diameter and leaf.With the extension of time for the irrigation,fresh and dry weight of underground,net photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,weight of single,excellent fruit rate,yield decreased after increased trend,the yield per 667 m^2 of treatment 25 minutes for each hour,30 minutes for each hour were 7 948.06 kg,7 960.93 kg.With the extension of time for the irrigation,fruit dry weight and fresh weight ratio decreased,soluble sugar,organic acid and vitamin C content were no significant difference in different treatments.Intermittent solution for the same time interval,compared with cultivation bed under the ground level,cultivation bed over the ground level treatment could effectively improve biological indicators,such as plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,ratel of hotosynthesis,improve the rhizosphere temperature 1-2 ℃,monoclonal fruit number increased by2.2,the excellent fruit rate increased by 11.75%,the yield increased by 9.48%.

关 键 词：番茄 营养液膜栽培 间断供液 栽培槽 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学]