规模化经营降低农业生产成本了吗?——基于前沿成本和效率损失成本的视角  

Does Scale Operation Reduce Production Costs?:From the Perspectives of Frontier Cost and Inefficiency Cost

作　　者：张晓恒 刘余[2] ZHANG Xiao-heng;LIU Yu(College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2018年第5期520-527,共8页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA037);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333008);华中农业大学自主科技创新项目(2662018QD008)

摘　　要：我国粮食生产成本不断攀升助推国内价格接近甚至顶破国际价格天花板,形成产量、进口量和库存量"三量齐增"的现象。与此同时,我国适度规模经营积极稳妥推进,成效显著。根据生产理论预测,规模经营将会降低农产品生产成本。但鲜有研究从前沿成本和效率损失成本视角分析其与规模的关系。基于江苏省水稻种植户的微观数据,采用改进的成本函数模型研究发现,单位产品的前沿成本随着规模的扩大而增大,但单位产品的效率损失成本却随着规模的扩大而降低,总体来看,规模扩大有助于水稻种植户单位产品成本的降低。大规模农户前沿成本较高可能与我国农业投入要素结构以及土地交易成本较高有关。相关部门一方面应该关注我国粮食经营主体规模分布变化对生产成本的影响;另一方面应该推进我国农业生产要素市场化改革,降低要素交易成本,提升粮食产业竞争力。The increasing production costs of agricultural products are pushing the domestic prices of cereal agricultural products close to and even higher than the ceiling of international market prices,which results in the increase in the quantity of production,imports and stock altogether.Meanwhile,appropriate size operations are developing actively and stably with a great success in China.According to the prediction of production theory,production cost will decrease with farm size.However,few researches focus on the relationship between farm size and production cost from the perspectives of frontier cost and inefficiency cost.Based on microcosmic data of paddy farms in Jiangsu Province,our research modified the cost function model and found that frontier cost of unit production increases with farm size while inefficiency cost decreases with it, and that the total cost per unit paddy of larger farms is lower than that of smaller farms in general.Higher frontier cost faced by larger farmers may be attributed to the structure of inputs and higher transaction cost.Therefore,government should pay more attention to the impact of farm size distribution on production cost while promoting the market-oriented reform of agricultural inputs and decreasing the transaction cost and improving the competitiveness of cereal products.

关 键 词：生产成本 前沿成本 效率损失成本 经营规模 成本函数 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]