为什么水产养殖保险会出现政府和市场的双重失灵?——基于粤浙沪川四省市的比较分析  

Why is Aquaculture Insurance Repeatedly Blocked in Practice?:Based on A Comparative Analysis of Cities in Guangdong,Zhejiang,Shanghai and Sichuan

作　　者：和田恬 于滨铜 李苗[2] 王志刚[1] HE Tian-tian;YU Bin-tong;LI Miao;WANG Zhi-gang(School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;National Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [2]全国水产技术推广总站,北京100026

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2018年第5期562-569,共8页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急项目(71841010);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71633005);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773136);北京新农村建设研究基地2018年专项项目(PXM2018_014207_000041);广义虚拟经济研究专项资助项目[GX2011-1007(Y)]

摘　　要：目前,我国水产养殖业保险规模偏小,发展缓慢,各地试点效果不一。采用案例调查与比较分析等方法,以广东、浙江、上海、四川四试点地为样本进行分析。结果发现:我国水产养殖保险由于系统性风险高、道德风险高、政府财政补贴不足、渔民参保意识较低等四个因素导致出现市场和政府双重失灵的现象。为了破解该困境,各地纷纷采取了分保和再保险、建立农户互相监督机制、政府财政补贴、牵头领导、有针对性地刺激渔民参保需求等措施,在部分地区取得了一定的成效。为推动水产养殖保险发展,建议建立再保险机制及统一的保障基金,提高农户组织化程度,设置中央层面的保费补贴,设置中央层面的保费补贴,加强宣传和推广,提高渔民的参保积极性。Currently,there exists an obvious gap between supply and demand in aquaculture insurance industry which,small in scale,is developing slowly despite the increasing demand from the aquaculture industry in China.This paper,through investigations and comparative analysis,made a case study of four aquaculture insurance pilots from Guangdong,Zhejiang,Shanghai,and Sichuan. Results showed that it is necessary to distribute systemic risks confronting the aquaculture in a wider range of time and space,that it is effective to guard against moral hazard and adverse selection by establishing a mutual supervision mechanism for farmers,and that government financial support is necessary for the aquaculture insurance pilots to run smoothly.Major factors include fishermen organizations involved in the micro management and permit for insurance companies to promote long-term business with higher amount of relatively high-risk premium subsidies.Farmers＇ sense of real benefits from insurance are is an important factor to attract farmers to participate in the aquaculture insurance.Accordingly,pertinent policy recommendations were proposed such as improving establishment of the national unified risk protection fund,attaching greater importance to risk control and prevention,increasing the degree of farmers organizations,strengthening government interferences at all levels and enhancing the insurance company＇s profitability.

关 键 词：水产养殖保险 市场失灵 政府失灵 比较分析 

分 类 号：F840.66[经济管理—保险]