糖皮质激素调控胎儿宫内生长发育和出生体重的研究进展  

Researchprogress of glucocorticoids regulate fetal growth and birth weight

作　　者：陈书强 王珺 李博 CHEN Shu qiang;WANG Jun;LI Bo(Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medicine Center,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi＇an 710038)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学唐都医院妇产科生殖医学中心,西安710038

出　　处：《生殖医学杂志》2018年第11期1149-1153,共5页Journal of Reproductive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31640056);陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2016JM8052)

摘　　要：糖皮质激素来源于肾上腺,在人体对环境应激压力的适应过程中扮演了重要的角色。在妊娠过程中,来源于母体的糖皮质激素通过胎盘对其胎儿的生长、发育和成熟发挥重要作用。正常生理情况下,糖皮质激素在胎儿出生前其活性会显著性急剧增加,从而促进胎儿肺部、肝脏等器官的成熟,为子宫外的生活做好准备。但是,当母体处于一种持续的环境应力中时,体内的糖皮质激素会适应性的升高,对宫内胎儿的生长发育产生负面效应。尤其是面对一些严重的应激反应,如缺氧、酒精摄取过量、营养不良、哮喘和焦虑等情况时,糖皮质激素的表达水平会显著升高,而过量的糖皮质激素暴露,将会影响到胎盘的血管生成以及营养转运功能,最终导致胎儿宫内生长受限、低出生体重的发生,以及胚胎源性的成年疾病(如高血压、心脑血管疾病等)的发病风险增高。本文将从糖皮质激素的调控机制、致病机理以及长时程效应等方面展开详细综述。Glucocorticoids are derived from adrenal gland, which play a key role in the adaptation process of the human body to environmental stress. In pregnancy, glucocorticoids are derived from the maternal system and act via the placenta. Glucocorticoids are essential for the maturation, development and survival of the fetus in all mammalian species. Under physiological conditions, glucocorticoids bioactivity of fetal lungs, liver organs,for preparing the fetus for extra uterine life. However exposure to maternal stress a glucocorticoids in utero can be detrimental to fetal growth and development. Especially when exposed to severe stress, e.g. hypoxia, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, asthma and anxiety, glucocorticoid expression level will be elevated significantly. And excessive glucocorticoid exposure would affect the angiogenesis of the placenta and the function of nutrition transfer, eventually leading to fetal intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight, further significantly increasing the risk of the embryo originated adult disease （hypertension, cardiovascular disease, etc）. This paper reviews the regulation mechanism,

关 键 词：糖皮质激素 环境应激 出生低体重 胚胎源性疾病 

分 类 号：R714.51[医药卫生—妇产科学]