水基钻井液用聚胺抑制剂研究与性能评价  

Study and Performance Evaluation of Polyamine Inhibitors for Water Based Drilling Fluids

作　　者：黄进军[1] 田月昕 谢显涛 王敏 郭星波 沈景原 李春霞[1] HUANG Jinjun;TIAN Yuexin;XIE Xiantao;WANG Min;GUO Xingbo;SHENG Jingyuan;LI Chunxia(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation in Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Drilling Fluid Technical Service Company,Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Chengdu,Sichuan 620051,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学"油气藏地质及开发工程"国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [2]川庆钻探工程有限公司钻井液技术服务公司,四川成都610051

出　　处：《化学世界》2018年第9期590-597,共8页Chemical World

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"页岩气水平井用水基钻井液研究与试验"(No.2016ZX05022001-002)资助项目

摘　　要：解决井壁失稳的关键在于减弱页岩水化分散,而减弱水化分散与抑制剂的抑制性能是分不开的。通过红外光谱仪和凝胶色谱仪分析手段来对水基钻井液用页岩抑制剂HGI进行结构表征和分子量测定,结果表明HGI为低分子量聚合物抑制剂。借助粒度分布实验和三轴应力实验方法评价HGI抑制特性,研究表明HGI抑制性效果要优于传统无机盐抑制剂KCl和胺类抑制剂UHIB-1、UHIB-2,能有效抑制泥页岩水化和分散,表现出更加突出的抑制性能。以X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)手段来对HGI抑制机理进行研究与分析,抑制剂HGI在溶液中解离出的铵正离子通过静电作用中和黏土负电荷,降低黏土层间水化斥力,同时在氢键和静电吸引双重作用下将黏土晶层间距压缩,排挤出层间吸附水,减弱黏土水化作用。同时HGI分子中所具有的疏水基团会紧密地覆盖在黏土晶层表面,形成一道疏水屏障,阻止水分子的进入与吸附,从而进一步抑制黏土水化作用。现场试验结果表明,聚胺抑制剂可明显提高现场钻井液抑制性能,解决了页岩水平段的井壁失稳和摩阻较大的难题,为页岩气高效钻探提供新思路和方法。The key to solve the instability of the wellbore is to weaken the hydration and dispersion of shale,and the weakening of the hydration and dispersion is not inseparable from the inhibitory performance of the inhibitor.The structural characterization and molecular weight determination of shale inhibitor HGI in water-based drilling fluid by infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography showed that HGI is a kind of low molecular weight polymer inhibitor.The inhibition of HGI was evaluated by means of particle size distribution experiment and triaxial stress test.The results showed that the inhibitory effect of HGI is better than that of traditional inorganic salt inhibitors of KCl and UHIB-2,which could effectively inhibit shale water and dispersion,showing more prominent inhibitory performance.The inhibition mechanism of HGI was studied by X-ray diffraction（XRD）and scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The ammonium cations dissociated by HGI in solution neutralized the negative charge of clay through electrostatic interaction and reduced the hydration repulsion force between clay layers.At the same time,through the action of electrostatic attraction,the spacing between clay crystal layers would be compressed and the interlayer water would be squeezed out to weaken the hydration of clay.The hydrophobic groups in HGI would tightly cover the surface of the clay crystal to form a hydrophobic barrier to prevent water molecules from entering and adsorbing,thus further inhibiting the hydration of the clay.The field test results show that the polyamine inhibitor can significantly improve the field drilling fluid inhibition performance so as to solve the shale well wall instability and large friction problems,and provide new ideas and methods for shale gas efficient drilling.

关 键 词：井壁失稳 水基钻井液 页岩抑制剂 抑制性 机理分析 

分 类 号：TE254[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]