贵州草海不同土地利用方式表层土壤重金属污染现状评估  

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of different land use patterns in Caohai,Guizhou

作　　者：赵斌 朱四喜[1,2] 李相兴 杨东方[1,2] 杨秀琴 曾龙[1,2] ZHAO Bin ZHU Sixi. LI Xiangxing YANG Dongfang YANG Xiuqin ZENG Long(Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China ; College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学喀斯特湿地生态研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境化学》2018年第10期2219-2229,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：2015年国家自然科学基金(31560107);2018年贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2807);2017年贵州省研究生科研基金(KYJJ2017006)资助~~

摘　　要：土壤重金属污染问题日益加剧,而土壤重金属来源解析及污染评价对其污染防治具有重要意义.以贵州草海沼泽地、耕地和林地表层土壤(0—20 cm)为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和原子荧光测定仪(AFS)测定土壤中Zn、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、As等6种重金属元素含量,并对其进行源解析及污染现状评估.结果表明,草海整体研究区表层土壤元素含量为Zn(144.75 mg·kg^(-1))>Cr(93.03 mg·kg^(-1))>Pb(45.33 mg·kg^(-1))>Ni(45.08 mg·kg^(-1))>Cu(29.48 mg·kg^(-1))>As(25.19 mg·kg^(-1)),其中Zn、Pb、Ni、As含量高于贵州背景值,分别高于背景值的45.48%、28.78%、25.97%、15.29%.元素As在耕地和林地,元素Cr、Cu、Pb在沼泽地和林地,以及元素Zn在沼泽地、耕地和林地都具有显著差异(P<0.05),而Ni在3种土地利用方式中均无显著差异(P>0.05).3种土地利用方式中,元素Zn、Pb、Ni、As可能主要来源于工业、农业、交通运输等人为源,而Cr、Cu来源于母岩风化、植被凋落物等自然源.土壤重金属污染评价表明,贵州草海不同土地利用方式表层土壤重金属污染处于轻微状态,未造成严重的潜在生态风险.本研究能够为贵州草海土地利用的合理规划、土壤资源保护和重金属污染防治提供数据支持.It is of great significance to analyze the pollution sources of soil heavy metals for their prevention and controls under the situation of increasing heavy metal pollution in soils.This study focused on the surface soils（0—20 cm）of the marsh lands,cultivated lands and forest lands in Caohai,Guizhou.The concentrations of six heavy metals in soils including Zn,Cr,Pb,Ni,Cu and As,were determined by ICP-OES and AFS.Source analysis and pollution status evaluation of the heavy metals in soils were carried out.The results showed that the average concentrations of Zn,Cr,Pb,Ni,Cu and As in the surface soils,were 144.75,93.03,45.33,45.08,29.48 and25.19 mg·kg^（-1）,respectively.Among them,the concentrations of Zn,Pb,Ni and As were significantly higher than the soil background values of Guizhou,which were 45.48%、28.78%、25.97%、15.29%,respectively.The concentrations of As,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in the three land use patterns were significantly different（P〈0.05）,while there was no significant variation in Ni（P〉0.05）.Zn,Pb,Ni and As in the surface soils mainly derived from human sources such as industry,agriculture,and transportation.However,Cr and Cu came from natural sources such as parent rock weathering and vegetation litter.Based on the evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution,it can be seen that the surface soil heavy metal pollution in different land use patterns was mild and did not cause serious potential ecological risk in Caohai,Guizhou Province.Therefore,this study can provide a data reference for the rational planning of land use,protection of soil resources and the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Caohai,Guizhou.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 土地利用方式 贵州草海 內梅罗综合指数法 生态风险指数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]