核电厂安全相关人员行为确定论筛选方法研究  

A deterministic method for screening the safety-related human behaviors in the nuclear power plants

作　　者：张力[1,2] 王春波 邹衍华[2] 刘雪阳 ZHANG Li;WANG Chun-bo;ZOU Yan-hua;LIU Xue-yang(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China;Institute of Human Factors Engineering ＆ Safety Management,Hunan Institute of Technology,Hengyang 421002,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南工学院人因与安全管理研究所,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第5期1854-1858,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71371070,71771084,71501068);湖南省科技计划重点研发项目(2016WK2006);湖南省研究生创新项目(CX2017B538)

摘　　要：为了保证在核电厂设计过程中对人员行为进行有效处理,按照评审要求,需要对核电厂中人员行为进行筛选。以往核电厂应用的概率论筛选方法存在缺陷,因此基于核电厂确定论安全分析,建立了核电厂安全相关人员行为确定论筛选方法。首先,明确了筛选过程中人员行为辨识及获取方法;然后,确定了两个对人员行为进行筛选的标准——是否直接执行安全功能和人员行为介入时间;最后,根据人员行为对核电厂安全运行的影响进行等级划分,建立了人员行为确定论筛选方法。还给出了应用实例,并将该实例的确定论筛选结果与以往应用的概率论筛选结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方法可以筛选出概率论方法未能筛选出、但对核电厂安全运行影响较大的人员行为。将确定论筛选方法与概率论筛选方法相结合,共同应用于核电厂人员行为筛选,可以有效弥补单一使用概率论筛选的不足。The present paper is concerned about how to select and screen the qualified workers in accordance with the safety assess- ment demands for the nuclear power plants （NPPs） even when such plants were still remaining during their design phase, for it would be necessary to assign and determinate their employees＇ quality standards through the needed absolutely strict analysis. The key to such selective decision is to work out the appropriate criteria to ensure the entire screening results sufficiently confined or limited to the few of the outstanding candidates. As a matter of fact, for the time being, the general preference is to use the probabilistic method to screen the human actions in the NPPs. Nevertheless, since the method has its own limitations and fails to guarantee the full confinement of the screening results, we would liketo propose a novel approach based on the deterministic safety analysis of NPPs to make up for the inefficiency of the previous probabilistic screening method. At the same time, it is also of need to use the probabilistic method to screen out the human behavior criteria in NPPs in accordance with their own special features and limitations to guarantee the full demands of the screening results. In proceeding with the above criteria, this paper has established a new method based on the deterministic safety analysis of NPPs to make up for the inefficiency of the probabilistic screening methods. With the new method, it has first of all to capture a list of all human actions from the safety analysis reports. And, then, it has to be decided whether to execute the safety functions directly and adopt the two screening criteria through theoretical analysis and practical experience in execution stage. And, finally, we have built up a deterministic method for screening the safety-related human actions by putting a sample NPP into use. And, so, we have presented the results of human actions screening based on the design base accident at the nuclear power plant under study, and can then compare

关 键 词：安全管理工程 核电厂 人因工程 人员行为筛选 确定论方法 

分 类 号：X946[环境科学与工程—安全科学]