闸坝对浑河上游水文情势和生态的影响  

Upstream hydrological situation of Hunhe River and the ecological impact of the gate dam

作　　者：唐玉兰[1] 孙健[1] 项莹雪 马甜甜 TANG Yu-lan;SUN Jian;XIANG Ying-xue;MA Tian-tian(Municipal and Environmental Engineering College,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第5期2020-2027,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重大科技专项课题(2014ZX07202-011-005)

摘　　要：以浑河流域抚顺至沈阳段为研究对象,采用水文变化指标/变动范围法（IHA/RVA）定量评估了闸坝对浑河沈抚段水文情势的影响,采用生物多样性指数（SI）分析了水文情势改变所引起的研究区域内河流生态变化。结果表明：闸坝的建立没有达到预期削峰补枯的效果,在受到建立闸坝的影响后两水文站多数水文情势产生了不同程度的改变,并对该河流生态产生了不利影响,抚顺（二）站和沈阳（三）站水文情势整体改变度分别为41. 72%和35. 50%,均呈现中度改变;建立闸坝后两水文站生物多样性指数均有所下降,其中抚顺（二）站受其上游建立闸坝影响较为严重,SI平均值由自然状况下的1. 768降到0. 392,闸坝运行后仅恢复到0. 501。研究表明,浑河流域抚顺至沈阳段河流水文情势受人为建立闸坝影响发生了中度改变,并对河流生态产生了负面影响。在未来针对该河流治理和水量调控的研究中应考虑水文情势变化引起的生态响应,河流管理者和研究者应注意适度开发河流及合理调控水资源。This paper takes the Fushun-Shenyang section of the Hunhe River Basin area as the research goal from the point of view of the environmental protection by way of the hydrological change/variable range （IHA/RVA） to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the gate dams of the hydrological situation of the river section. What is more, it has also analyzed the ecological chan- ges of the biological diversity index （SI） of the river caused by the changes in the hydrological conditions. The results of the study indicate that the establishment of the gate dams fail to achieve the desired effect of the water-level peak shaving. Under the impact of the establishment of the gate dams, most of the hydrological situation indicators given by the two stations have changed to various extents and degrees, which have brought about an adverse impact on the ecology and the biodiversity of the river. Literally speaking, the hydrological situation indicators in Fushun station II and Shenyang station III have been found at the respec- tive percentages of 41.72% and 35.50%, respectively. Particu- larly speaking, the biodiversity indices of the two hydrological sta- tions have all been in a declining trend since the establishment of the gated dams. More obvious change has taken place at the Fushun Station II owing to the accomplishment of the gate dams in its upstream, with the average indexical rate of SI decrease from 1. 768 under the natural conditions to 0. 392. And, finally, the average indexical rate of Station I has merely returned to O. 501 since the gate dams began to be under operation. Thus, it can be concluded that the overall hydrological situation of the river from Fushun to Shenyang in the in river basin area has undergone mod- erate changes under the influence of the building-up of the gate dams, though the engineering construction is generally considered to be of some negative impact on the environmentaI construction of the river ecology. Therefore, in the future, it is of great signifi- cance to pay attention to t

关 键 词：环境工程学 水文情势指标(IHA) 变动范围(RVA)法 水文改变度 生物多样性指数(SI) 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]