动式吸入甲醛大鼠肺组织病理形态学变化及相关细胞因子变化规律的研究  

Study on changes of lung pathology and related cytokines in rats exposed to formaldehyde with dynamic inhalation

作　　者：颜彩虹[1] 易继湖[2] YAN Cai-hong; YI Ji hu(Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市环湖医院,天津300350 [2]山东省医学科学院,山东济南250062

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2018年第8期561-565,共5页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：国家自然基金(编号:81172645)

摘　　要：目的通过大鼠动式吸入不同浓度甲醛气体,观察大鼠肺组织的病理变化及检测血清中相关细胞因子的水平,以推测吸入不同剂量甲醛致哮喘肺组织病理变化规律以及血清中相关细胞因子的变化规律。方法 2015年1～3月将大鼠随机平均分为4组,即低剂量组,中剂量组,高剂量组和对照组,每组11只。采用经呼吸道动式吸入甲醛染毒的方式,每组每天染毒4h,持续染毒10d。染毒结束后,观察大鼠肺组织的病理变化,测定大鼠血清中IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、TNF-α、GM-CSF和IgE的浓度。结果光镜下显示,随着染毒剂量增大,大鼠肺组织损伤越来越明显,低剂量组肺组织水肿较严重,中剂量组肺泡结构开始出现破坏,气道粘膜受损,大量上皮细胞脱落,高剂量组肺泡结构破坏严重,出现多个肺泡融合,嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,气道平滑肌细胞增生明显,管壁增厚。大鼠血清中各细胞因子中,仅IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和IgE存在组间差别。经Dunnett,s test t检验,与对照组相比,发现低剂量甲醛染毒组大鼠血清中IL-3和IL-5含量较高,且差别有统计学意义(P <0.05),低剂量甲醛染毒组IL-10含量较低,且差别有统计学意义(P <0.05),高剂量甲醛染毒组IgE含量较高,且差别有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织损伤的病理形态学变化的表现与哮喘病理形态学变化的三个阶段基本一致,推测哮喘气道炎性反应阶段主要由Th2细胞因子分泌增多,Th1细胞因子(IL-10)分泌减少造成。Objective To observe the pathological changes of lung tissue and related cytokines in serum of rats exposed to formaldehyde with dynamic inhalation. Methods A total of 44 rats were randomly divided into four groups equally（the control group,low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group）.All groups exposed to formaldehyde with dynamic inhalation for 4 hdaily,and lasted for 10 days.The pathological changes of the lung tissue of rats exposed to formaldehyde were observed,and the concentration of IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12 IL-13,TNF-α,GM-CSF and IgE in serum of rats were measured. Results The severity of rats＇ lung damage inclined with the increase of exposure dose under light microscope.The edema of lung in the low dose group was more serious.The alveolar structure in the middle dose group began to be destroyed,with the airway mucosa damaged,and a large number of epithelial cells fell off.The alveolar structure in the high dose group was seriously damaged,with multiple alveolar fusions and infiltration of eosinophils,and obvious proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells and tube wall thickening.There were significant differences in the contents of cytokines IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 and IgE among groups in the serum of rats.It was found that the levels of IL-3 and IL-5 in the low-dose group was statistically significant higher than the control group by Dunnett＇s ttest（P 〈0.05）,and the level of IL-10 in low-dose group was statistically significant lower than the control group（P 〈0.05）,the level of IgE in high-dose group was statistically significant higher than the control group（P 〈0.05）. Conclusion In the low,middle and high dose groups,the pathological changes of lung injury are basically consistent with the three stages of asthma pathological changes.It indicates that the inflammatory reaction stage of asthma airway is mainly caused by increased secretion of Th2 cytokines and decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines（IL-10）.

关 键 词：甲醛 肺病理 细胞因子 

分 类 号：R99[医药卫生—毒理学]