语言与基因:论南岛语族的起源与扩散  

Languages and Genes: Comment on the Origin and Dispersal of Austronesian

作　　者：范志泉 邓晓华[1] 王传超 FAN Zhiquan;DENG Xiaohua;WANG Chuanchao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人类学与民族学系

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第10期175-184,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“台湾原住民问题研究”(11AZD069)的阶段性成果;厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划(X2123302);中央高校基本科研业务费(ZK1144);国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”(31801040)支持

摘　　要：南岛语族的起源与扩散问题在语言学、考古学等相关领域一直是个具有争议性的重大理论问题。语言和基因演变的相关性，是语言学和分子人类学的研究领域之一。本文从理论、方法以及材料的角度，梳理了历史语言学视角下南岛语族起源与扩散问题的不同假说，并评述了前人时贤的研究成果及局限性。并在此基础上尝试从跨学科协作角度，结合遗传学、分子人类学最新的研究成果，提出对南岛语族起源与扩散问题的新思考。侗台-南岛语人群的先民可追溯到大陆华南地区，在距今5000--6000年前，开始对外迁移与扩散，其中一支向东迁徙至台湾，经菲律宾、印度尼西亚东部后扩散至远大洋洲，产生了早期Lapita文化；另一支向西，经由中南半岛、东南亚岛屿走廊后迁徙至印度尼西亚东部。现今的东南亚诸多族群是以上两组人群与操巴布亚语的土著人群混合而成的。而留在华南地区的演化为侗台语族等，侗台人群又与南下的北方汉族混合形成了南方汉族。The origin and dispersal of Austronesian has always been a controversial issue in the field of linguistics. The correlation between language and gene evolution is one of the research fields of linguistics and molecular Anthropology. Here we reviewed the different hypothesis about the origin and dispersal of Austronesian in historical linguistics in the perspective of theory, methods and materials, and also discussed the limitations of previous researches. On this basis, we put forward a new scenario on the origin and dispersal of Austronesian from the perspective of interdisciplinary cooperation combining the latest results of genetics and molecular anthropology. The ancestors of the Thai-Austronesian population can be traced back to the southern China's Mainland. Their migration and diffusion toward Taiwan and Southeast Asia had began from 5000--6000. B.P. One branch migrated to Taiwan,via Philippines, the easthern of Indonesia, to the Remote Oceanic, who created the early Lapita culture there; The other branch migrated through the Indo-Sino peninsula, Island Southeast Asia to the easthern indonesia. Many present-day populations in Southeast Asia are the admixtures of these above two groups with the indigenous populations who speak Papuan languages. The people who stayed in the southern China's Mainland have developed into the presentday Tai-Kadai related populations and then Tai-Kadai populations mixed with the northern Han Chinese to form southern Han Chinese.

关 键 词：语言 基因 南岛语族演化 

分 类 号：K21[历史地理—历史学]