不同密度混播对玉米植株^(13)C同化物分配和产量的影响  

Effects of different densities of mixed-cropping on ^(13)C-photosynthate distribution and grain yield of maize

作　　者：胡旦旦 张吉旺[1] 刘鹏[1] 赵斌[1] 董树亭[1] HU Dan-dan;ZHANG Ji-wang;LIU Peng;ZHAO Bin;DONG Shu-ting(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai,an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第10期3229-3236,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071358;30871476);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B06-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-20);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(HY20121203100;HY1203096);山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新课题(2014)资助~~

摘　　要：为了探讨不同密度混播对玉米植株^(13)C同化物分配和产量的影响,选用‘郑单958’(ZD)和‘登海605’(DH)为试验材料,在不同密度下(LD,67500株·hm^(-2); HD,97500株·hm^(-2))设置单播(SZD、SDH)与混播(M、1∶1、2∶2)处理,研究玉米品种不同密度混播对植株光合特性、^(13)C同化物分配、干物质积累量和产量的影响.结果表明:随密度增加,籽粒产量、^(13)C同化物在籽粒中的分配、干物质积累量和叶面积指数均提高;而叶绿素含量和净光合速率则降低.在67500株·hm^(-2)下,混播较单播处理无显著优势,但在97500株·hm^(-2)下,两品种混播提高了叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和穂位叶净光合速率,干物质积累量增加.混播促进茎等营养器官的干物质向籽粒的转运,提高了1 3C同化物在籽粒中的分配比例.混播处理较单播产量增加,主要因为千粒重显著增加.在高密度种植条件下,混播有助于扩大光合面积,维持较高的净光合速率,提高群体干物质积累量,改善干物质的分配状况,增加同化物向籽粒的分配,最终提高夏玉米产量.可见,混播栽培可显著增加黄淮海区密植夏玉米产量.To explore the effects of different densities of mixed-cropping on 13C-photosynthate distribution and grain yield of maize,we measured photosynthetic characteristics,13C-photosynthate distribution,dry matter accumulation,and grain yield under different planting densities（ LD,67500 plants·hm^-2 and HD,97500 plants·hm^-2） under mixed-cropping（ M,1： 1,2： 2） and monoculture of Zhengdan958（ ZD） and Denghai605（ DH）. The results showed that with the increases of planting density,grain yield,13C-photosynthate allocation to grain,dry matter accumulation,and leaf area index（ LAI） increased,but the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate decreased. No significant difference was observed between the monoculture and mixed-cropping at the density of 67500 plants·hm^-2. However,at 97500 plants·hm^-2,LAI,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation in mixed-cropping were higher than that in monoculture. Mixed-cropping promoted the transport of dry matter from the vegetative organs such as stem to the grain and the distribution of 13C-photosynthates to grain. Grain yield of summer maize significantly increased in mixed-cropping due to the increase of 1000-grain mass. Under high plant density,the mixedcropping could enlarge photosynthetic area,maintain higher net photosynthetic rate,increase dry matter accumulation, improve the distribution of dry matter, promote the distribution of 13C-photosynthates to grains and thus increase the grain yield. Our results indicated that mixed-cropping could significantly increase the yield of close planting summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

关 键 词：夏玉米 密度 混播 13C同化物 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]