滴灌条件下施用生物炭对土壤改良效果及氮肥利用率的影响  

Influence of biochar application on soil amendment and nitrogen utilization efficiency under drip irrigation

作　　者：樊鹏飞 任天宝[1] 刘文[2] 周晓庆 吕世俊 张璐[1] 李朋彦 李佳轶 刘国顺[1] FAN Pengfei;REN Tianbao;LIU Wen;ZHOU Xiaoqing;LU Shijun;ZHANG Lu;LI Pengyan;LI Jiayi;LIU Guoshun(Henan Engineering Research Center for Biochar,College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengzhou Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院河南省生物炭研究工程技术中心,郑州市农业路63号450002 [2]河南省烟草公司郑州市公司,郑州市经开第三大街999号450001

出　　处：《烟草科技》2018年第10期8-14,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目"水肥耦合效应对登封烟区豫烟品种产质量及肥料利用率的影响"(ZYKJ201416)和"登封植烟土壤改良关键技术研究与应用"(ZYKJ201501)

摘　　要：为解决河南登封植烟区长期施用化肥氮素造成的土壤品质退化、肥料利用效率低的问题,采用田间试验在滴灌和减氮条件下分别施用600、1 200和1 800 kg/hm2的生物炭,并测定了各处理植烟土壤的相关指标。结果表明:施用生物炭可以显著提高土壤C/N,且与常规对照(CK2)相比,滴灌下施用生物炭的各处理在烟株生长中后期土壤微生物量碳、氮和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性的提高幅度分别为24.68%～111.62%、36.10%～136.27%、1.02%～135.38%和34.26%～97.46%,且1 200 kg/hm2生物炭施用量对土壤改良的综合效果最好,其表观氮肥利用率达到68.01%。因此,在河南登封植烟区滴灌条件下施用生物炭可改善土壤品质,促进烟株对氮素的有效利用。The soil in Dengfeng tobacco-planting areas in Henan suffers from quality deterioration and low fertilizer utilization efficiency caused by long-term nitrogen fertilizer application. A field experiment was carried out with biochar at three application rates（600, 1 200 and 1 800 kg/hm2）under drip irrigation combined with a reduced nitrogen application rate. The related indicators of tobacco-planting soils under different treatments were detected. The results showed that biochar application promoted carbon/nitrogen ratio in soil.Comparing with the conventional fertilization method at a nitrogen application rate of 30 kg/hm2（CK2）, the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents and the activities of urease and sucrose in soils at the middle and late growth stages of tobacco under drip irrigation were increased by 24.68%-111.62%, 36.10%-136.27%,1.02%-135.38% and 34.26%-97.46%, respectively, for the three biochar application rates. The optimal soil amendment effect was obtained at the biochar application rate of 1 200 kg/hm2, at which the apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency reached 68.01%. Therefore, the application of biochar promotes soil quality and the nitrogen utilization efficiency of tobacco under drip irrigation treatment in Dengfeng tobacco-planting areas.

关 键 词：烤烟 滴灌 生物炭 土壤改良 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S572.061[农业科学—烟草工业]