自然贮藏条件下烤烟叶片和烟梗中TSNAs及其前体物含量的变化  

TSNA Contents and their precursors in lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco stored under natural conditions

作　　者：刘扣珠 靳彤[1] 王俊[1] 周骏[2] 杨惠娟[1] 白若石[2] 钱华 史宏志[1] LIU Kouzhu;JIN Tong;WANG Jun;ZHOU Jun;YANG Huijuan;BAI Ruoshi;QIAN Hua;SHI Hongzhi(National Tobacco Cultivation ＆ Physiology ＆ Biochemistry Research Center,Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzbou 450002,China;Beijing Cigarette Factory,Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地烟草农业减害研究中心,郑州市金水区文化路95号450002 [2]上海烟草集团有限责任公司北京卷烟厂,北京市通州区万盛南街99号100024 [3]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司

出　　处：《烟草科技》2018年第10期27-32,38,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室项目"烟草硝酸盐和生物碱含量对烟叶贮藏过程中TSNA形成的影响"(yczp201504)

摘　　要：为揭示自然贮藏条件下烤烟叶片和烟梗中TSNAs含量(质量分数)的变化规律,探讨降低烟叶TSNAs形成的主要途径,收集了不同产区烤烟样品并进行自然贮藏和烟叶含水率控制试验,同时测定贮藏前后叶片和烟梗中TSNAs及其前体物含量(质量分数)。结果表明,贮藏1年后烤烟叶片和烟梗TSNAs含量均显著增加,其中烟梗TSNAs的增加比例显著高于叶片,增加幅度是叶片的5.78倍。叶片和烟梗中硝酸盐含量显著降低,烟梗中硝酸盐减少量是叶片的32.23倍。叶片和烟梗中生物碱含量均有所降低,但变化不显著。相关分析结果显示,烟叶TSNAs增加比例与硝酸盐含量呈极显著正相关。对不同含水率叶片进行1年的真空贮藏,发现叶片TSNAs含量与含水率呈线性关系,随着叶片含水率的升高(从6.8%到23.1%),TSNAs含量逐渐降低。因此,TSNAs前体物含量降低、叶片含水率适当增加均有利于烤烟在自然贮藏过程中减少TSNAs的形成和积累。To investigate the contents of TSNAs in lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco stored under natural conditions and to establish effective ways to reduce TSNAs, flue-cured tobacco samples collected from different tobacco-planting areas were stored under natural conditions. A controlled experiment for varying moisture contents in tobacco leaves was conducted. The contents of TSNAs and their precursors in lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco were determined before and after natural storage. The results showed that after storing for one year, the contents of TSNAs in lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased. The proportion of increase for TSNAs in midrib was significantly higher than those in lamina, at 5.78 times higher.The nitrate contents in lamina and midrib significantly reduced, and the decrement in midrib was 32.23 times of that in lamina. The alkaloids contents in lamina and midrib were also reduced, however the variation was not significant. Correlation analysis indicated that the increase proportion of TSNAs in lamina significantly positively correlated to nitrate content. After storing in vacuum for one year, the linear correlation was observed between TSNAs content and moisture content. TSNA contents decreased with the increase（from 6.8% to23.1%）of moisture content in tobacco leaves. Therefore, reducing TSNAs precursor contents and appropriately increasing the moisture content in tobacco leaves were beneficial to reducing the formation and accumulation of TSNAs during natural storage.

关 键 词：烤烟 自然贮藏 TSNA 烟梗 叶片 生物碱 硝酸盐 含水率 

分 类 号：TS413[农业科学—烟草工业]