秦皇岛地区噪声作业人员听力状况及其影响因素  

Hearing status and its influencing factors among noise exposed workers in Qinhuangdao

作　　者：张海燕[1] 华如月 安秋慧 高楠[1] 赵明姝[1] 张海滨[1] 呼颖泽 ZHANG Hai-yan;HUA Ru-yue;AN Qiu-hui;GA O Nan;ZHAO Ming-shu;ZHANG Hai-bin;HU Ying-ze(Occupational Health Department of Qinhuangdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qinhuangdao Hebei,066000,China)

机构地区：[1]秦皇岛市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第20期2771-2773,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：秦皇岛市科技局科技计划项目(201602A138)

摘　　要：目的调查秦皇岛地区噪声暴露下作业人员听力状况,分析其影响因素。方法选取2016年9月—2017年5月在秦皇岛市疾病预防控制中心进行职业健康检查的秦皇岛地区9家企业中合计914名噪声作业人员,根据GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》中相关规范与要求确定检查项目,对作业人员进行纯音听阈检测,采集相关人员基本信息,对检测数据及信息资料进行χ~2检验和logistic回归分析。结果经健康检查发现,噪声暴露下存在听力损失的作业人员有266例,总检出率为29.10%;工龄1～5、6～10和>10年作业人员听力损失检出率分别为21.63%、31.94%和35.93%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);听力损失检出率受年龄、性别、婚姻状况、是否采用防护措施、工龄、外伤、噪声状态及噪声是否超标8个因素的影响,将8个因素进行赋值后采用多因素logistic回归分析发现,工龄6～10和>10年、噪声指标超标是听力损失发生的危险因素(P<0.05),而防护措施则是听力损失发生的保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论秦皇岛地区噪声暴露下作业人员听力损失发生率较高,相关影响因素中工龄6～10和>10年、噪声指标超标是听力损失发生的危险因素,而防护措施则是听力损失发生的保护性因素,应强化企业噪声监管工作,重视健康检查,加强作业人员的防护措施与质量。[Objective]To investigate the hearing status of noise exposed workers in Qinhuangdao,analyze the influencing factors.[Methods]A total of 914 noise exposed workers were selected from nine enterprises in Qinhuangdao area,who have received the occupational health examination in Qinhuangdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention from September 2016 to May 2017.According to the relevant specifications and requirements of the technical standard for occupational health care（GBZ 188-2014）,the sound hearing threshold was tested for the workers. The basic information of the related workers was collected. According to information and data,2 and logistic regression analysis were performed.[Results] By physical examination,266 cases of hearing loss were found,the total detection rate was 29.10%. The detection rate of hearing loss in working age group of 1-5 years,6-10 years and 10 years was 21.63%,31.94% and 35.93% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The detection rate of hearing loss was influenced by eight factors of age,sex,marital status,the use of protective measures,working age,trauma,noise status,and whether the noise exceed the standard or not. These eight factors were assigned by multiple logistic regression analysis,the results showed that the working age of 6-10 years and 10 years,and the noise intensity exceed the standard were the risk fact or of hearing loss（P 0.05）,and th e protective measures was the protective factor（P〈 0.05）.[Conclusion]The hearing loss rate of the workers under the noise exposure in Qinhuangdao is high. The working age of 6-10 years and 10 years,and the noise intensity exceed the standard are the risk factor of hearing loss,and the protective measures is the protective factor of the hearing damage. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision work of the enterprises and pay attention to the physical examination,and strengthen the protective measures and quality.

关 键 词：噪声暴露 听力状况 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]