枣新品种‘灰枣新1号’的选育  

Breeding of new Chinese jujube cultivar ‘Huizao new No.1'

作　　者：宋宏伟[1] 袁国军[1] 梅象信[1] 刘少华 王朝阳 SONG Hongwei;YUAN Guojun;MEI Xiangxin;LIU Shaohua;WANG Zhaoyang(Henan Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou 450008,Henan,China;Henan Forestry Vocational College,Luoyang 471002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省林业科学研究院,郑州450008 [2]河南林业职业学院,河南洛阳471002

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第10期1301-1304,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201104017);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(GTH[2015]04号)

摘　　要：‘灰枣新1号’是河南省林业科学研究院及河南林业职业学院在河南省新郑枣区调查中发现的一个‘灰枣’变异单株。该品种2~3 a(年)生枣股结果能力较强,自然坐果率高,平均吊果比为1∶1.34,是对照平均吊果比的4.6倍,不需采用开甲(或砑枣)措施提高坐果率,对生长激素的依赖性不强。果实长倒卵形,枣果面平整,果皮橙红色,平均果实质量11.72 g,最大果实质量为22.80 g,果实整齐度高,商品性比对照‘灰枣’好。树势中等偏强,发枝力中等,5 a生树平均地径9.9 cm,树高2.5 m,冠幅2.5 m,平均单株产量9.96 kg,每hm2产量16 440 kg。适应性较强,耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐寒冷,较抗枣缩果病和裂果病,在新疆地区没有发现树体冻害现象,适宜在沿黄流域及黄河以北适宜‘灰枣’种植的区域栽培,是一个极具推广前景的‘灰枣’优良品种。Zizyphus jujuba Mill.‘Huizao new No.1＇is a variant plant of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.‘Huizao＇was found by Henan Academy of Forestry and Henan Forestry Vocational College during the investigation in Xinzheng jujube district. In 2004, 2006 and 2007, the grafting experiments were carried out in Xinzheng, Puyang and Ruoqiang county of Xinjiang respectively. In the past years, the results and fruit quality of the variation plants and grafted trees were tracked and analyzed. The results from the experiment observation for many years, the tree grafting cultivation shows character and fruit quality is the same results to the variation of plant. In Xinzheng jujube region,‘Huizao new No. 1＇bud at the beginning of April, early flowering stage is the later of May, Full-blooming stage is the beginning of June, crisp ripening stage is the beginning of September, the mature stage is the late September, the fruit growth period is 98-110 d. The phenological period in Puyang jujube region is same to in Xinzheng. In Ruoqiang county, Xinjiang, sprout in late April, early flowering stage is the beginning of June, Fullblooming stage is the mid June, Crisp ripening stage is the mid September, mature is in early October,the fruit growth period is 98-115 d. 2-3 a jujube stock of this new variety present strong fruit-bearing capacity and high fruit setting rate, and the average ratio of dropping shoot to fruit is 1∶1.34, which is4.6 times the control average ratio of dropping shoot to fruit, The average physiological drop rate is6.12%, only 26.56% of the control, in September, Jujube fruit shrink disease fruit rate was 4.63%, only41.19% of the control, crisp ripe stage cracking rate is 5.59%, only 34.23% of control. Girdling is not essential to increase the fruit setting rate, and this new variety does not depend on the growth hormone badly. The fruit is long obovate with smooth surface, the peel is orange-red, the average fruit weight is11.72 g, the maximum fruit weight is 22.80 g, high fruit uniformity, and the commodity is hi

关 键 词：枣 新品种 '灰枣新1号’ 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]