水分胁迫对中粒种咖啡花芽分化的影响  

Effect of Water stress on Floral Bud Differentiation of Robusta Coffee

作　　者：林兴军[1,2,3] 马福生 陈鹏 黄丽芳[1,2] 董云萍 LIN Xingjun;MA Fusheng;CHEN Peng;HUANG Lifang;DONG Yunping(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Waning,Hainan 571533;Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Waning,Hainan 571533;Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops Waning,Hainan 571533;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Puer,Yunnan 665000)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁571533 [2]农业部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁5715333 [3]海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [4]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2018年第8期35-39,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31501824)

摘　　要：为了使海南中粒种咖啡(Robusta coffee)收获期一致,本项目研究了水分胁迫、复水和中粒种咖啡开花的关系。结果表明,经过一段时间的水分胁迫,复水促进了花的开放;不需要严重的水分胁迫(田间持水量的50%~60%)就能促进咖啡开花。咖啡花开放的数量受花芽所处阶段影响,水分胁迫再复水仅对处于"张开白色花蕾"阶段(阶段4)产生影响,且阶段4花芽呈现出累积的特性;花芽分化同时也受咖啡果实发育阶段影响,同一枝条上越靠近果实的花芽分化越晚。因此,在海南中粒种咖啡开花主花期,保持咖啡园频繁的灌溉,再控水、复水,可为海南咖啡提供一种实用的方法来实现花期一致,从而缩短收获期。Robusta coffee trees were treated with water stress and rewatering to have a uniform harvest period through analysis of the relation of the treatment with the flowering of Robusta coffee. The results showed that flowering was stimulated by rewatering after a period of water stress, and did not need high water stress （50%-60% of field water retention capacity）. The number of opening flowers was influenced by the bud development stage. The white open buds （the bud stage 4） were influenced by water stress and then rewatering. The bud stage 4 showed the characteristics of accumulation. The flower bud differentiation was also affected by the fruit development stage. The buds closer to the fruit differentiated late. Robusta coffee plantations in Hainan are recommended to irrigate frequently in the main flowering period, followed by water stress and rewatering to maintain an uniform flowering stage for a short period of fruit harvest.

关 键 词：中粒种咖啡 水分胁迫 花芽分化 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]