“留白增绿”背景下北京市栖息生境型城市森林营建策略研究  

Research on habitat-type urban forest construction strategy in Beijing in the background of “leave blank space and increase green space”

作　　者：赵人镜 戈晓宇 李雄 Zhao Renjing;Ge Xiaoyu;Li Xiong(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2018年第10期102-114,共13页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670704);北京市共建项目专项(2015BLUREE01)

摘　　要：【目的】《北京城市总体规划(2016年—2035年)》提出"留白增绿",让森林进入城市。城市森林具有多种功能,是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。本研究旨在探索城市森林功能类型及栖息生境型城市森林营建策略,以期实现特定城市背景下城市森林功能的拓展,使城市森林成为解决不同城市问题的绿色空间,促进城市生态系统的可持续发展。【方法】本文在对大量文献进行研究的基础上,依据不同尺度城市森林所能发挥的主导功能、周边用地类型、城市总体规划定位三大因素对城市森林功能类型进行论述,并对栖息生境型城市森林营建策略进行研究。【结果】提出生态型、生活型、生产型3个一级分类,包括栖息生境型、环境调节型、景观游憩型、科普教育型、康养服务型、设施防护型、经济生产型共7个二级分类。城市化进程造成了城市生物多样性锐减,重视和保护生物多样性成为城市发展的重要环节。本研究选择以提高生物多样性为主要目标的栖息生境型城市森林为研究对象,提出目标物种选择、林地生境、水体生境营建策略,并以横街子城市森林为例,对营建策略进行实践。【结论】对城市森林功能类型进行论述,能够为城市森林营建提供目标指引。对栖息生境型城市森林进行营建策略研究可以为未来城市森林建设提供参考依据。[Objective]Beijing Urban Master Plan（ 2016-2035） puts forward the goal of ＂leave blank space and increase green space＂and let forest enter the city. Urban forest has multiple functions and is an important part of urban ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to explore the functional types of urban forest and the strategies for habitat-based urban forest construction,with a view to realize the expansion of urban forest functions in a specific city context,making urban forest as a green space for solving different urban problems,and promoting the sustainable development of urban ecosystems.[Method]In this context,based on the study of a large number of literatures,this study discusses the function types of urban forest based on the three main factors： the dominant function,the type of surrounding land,and the positioning of the master plan,and research on habitat-based urban forestconstruction strategies. [Result] Three primary categories of ecological type,life type and production type were proposed,including seven secondary classifications of habitat type,environmental regulation type,landscape recreation type,popular science education type,health service type,facility protection type and economic production type. Urbanization has led to a sharp decline in urban biodiversity,paying attention to and protecting biodiversity has become an important part of urban development. This study selected habitat-based urban forest with the main goal of improving biodiversity as the research object,proposed the construction strategy of target species selection,woodland habitat and water habitat,and took the Hengjiezi urban forest as an example to practice the construction strategies. [Conclusion] The discussion of urban forest function types can provide target guidance for urban forest construction. The research on construction strategy of habitat type urban forest can provide reference for future urban forest construction.

关 键 词：风景园林 城市森林 留白增绿 生物多样性 栖息生境 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]