植物CMS不育基因的研究进展  

Advanced studies on the cytoplasm male sterility in plants

作　　者：杨慧丽[1] 杨露 张怀胜[1] 林亚楠[1] 李冰 薛亚东[1] YANG Hui-li;YANG Lu;ZHANG Huai-sheng;LIN Ya-nan;LI Bing;XUE Ya-dong(Agricultural College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2018年第10期9-16,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471504)

摘　　要：植物细胞质雄性不育是指植物的生殖器官不能产生雄配子,而雌器官发育正常,可接受外来花粉正常结实的一种生物学现象。细胞质雄性不育是由核基因和线粒体基因互作共同起作用,影响了植物花药的绒毡层和正在进行减数分裂的细胞,从而导致植物体花粉产生败育。在生产上细胞质雄性不育对于作物杂种优势的利用、杂交种的制种都有重要意义。雄性不育现象无论是在遗传方向还是分子水平上一直以来都是科学家们研究的热点,深入研究细胞质雄性不育的机制有利于更有效地在生产上加以利用。对近年来植物细胞质雄性不育中发现的细胞质雄性不育基因的来源及分类、细胞质雄性不育与杂种优的相互关系、细胞质雄性不育的机理及目前发现的细胞质雄性不育基因进行概述,并探讨了植物细胞质雄性不育研究的发展前景。Plant cytoplasmic male sterility refers to a biological phenomenon in which the reproductive organs of plants cannot produce male gametes, while female organs develop normally and accept normal pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility is a combination of nuclear gene and mitochondrial gene interaction, affecting the tapetum of plant anthers and cells undergoing meiosis, resulting in abortion of plant pollen. In the production of cytoplasmic male sterility for the utilization of crop heterosis, hybrid seed production is of great significance. Male sterility has always been a hotspot for scientists in both genetic and molecular levels. The in-depth study of cytoplasmic male sterility is beneficial for more efficient use in production. The origin and classification of cytoplasmic male sterility genes found in plant cytoplasmic male sterility in recent years, the relationship between cytoplasmic male sterility and hybrid traits, the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility and the current discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility genes and explored the development prospects of plant cytoplasmic male sterility research.

关 键 词：细胞质雄性不育 杂种优势 线粒体基因 细胞核基因 开放阅读框(ORF) 基因重组 

分 类 号：S503.51[农业科学—作物学] Q343.34[生物学—遗传学]