职务发明权属国家所有研究——兼论中国专利法中的国家所有权  

State-Owned Employee Inventions——the State Ownership and Its Evolution in China's Patent Law

作　　者：肖尤丹 Xiao Youdan(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2018年第11期77-85,共9页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家科技创新战略研究专项"提升科技创新专利质量战略问题研究"(ZLY201738);中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项"科技法规的理论与实证研究"(GHJ-ZLZX-2018-35);北京市科技计划课题"现有促进科技成果转化重点政策制度性评估研究"(Z181100007218016);国家软科学研究计划项目"有利于成果转化的无形资产管理制度研究"(2014GXS6B242)

摘　　要：事业单位职务发明权属国家所有导致的处置权虚置,当前被视为阻碍科技成果转化的重大制度问题。长期缺乏权利主义的专利法实践,导致以发明国有化为前提的发明奖励制度成为社会认知职务发明制度的惯性逻辑。实际上,2000年专利法改革已经从立法上完全否定了职务发明权属国家所有。但是,科研市场化和公共科研体系的并存,使得职务发明制度适用及其改革仍然难以回避公有制框架下国家所有权与专利权的内在冲突。It is considered as a major legal problem that obstructs technology transfer, which is the public institutions without the total right to dispose their employee inventions in the practices. Most think the national universities and public research organization are the nominal right-owners, their employee inventions as state-owned asset actually owned by the state. In the long run, the invention reward and state-owned invention system replaced the inventor＇s patent rights. The way people get used to technology rewards to treat employee inventions. In fact, the patent law reform in 2000 has negated the state ownership of employee inventions. However, the coexistence of enterprise research and public research system makes it difficult to avoid the internal conflict between state ownership and patent right, as the private property right under the framework of public ownership.

关 键 词：职务发明 国家所有权 事业单位 科技成果转化 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]