逆全球化压力下国家反应的异同——从政治制度角度的分析  

Why Different Countries Respond Differently under the Pressure of De-globalization——An Analysis in Political Institutional Perspective

作　　者：周强 Zhou Qiang(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《教学与研究》2018年第10期55-63,共9页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"资产属性对中国社会利益群体政治态度和行为的影响研究"(项目号:15BZZ027);北京市宣传文化高层次人才培养资助项目"反建制主义与西方自由主义秩序的新挑战"(项目号:2017XCB006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：针对当今世界的逆全球化潮流,本文基于国际政治经济学的分析角度,系统地梳理这些纷繁复杂的事件并把它们串联到一套自洽的逻辑之中。文章的脉络主要是递进的三个层次。首先是偏好的形成。作者从微观的角度来分析一个具体的人的偏好在全球化之中如何形成的,并由此判断他对于全球化政策的诉求。其次是政策改变的时机。众多有特定偏好的人组成人群之后,就形成了政策产生的必要条件。当累积了足够多的必要条件后,一旦存在与之配合的特定情形,就会产生公共政策改变的理想环境。最后是政策所处的制度环境。对于逆全球化政策来说,即使有足够的需求和恰当的时机,逆全球化的最终政策表达却又很大程度上受制于政策所处的政治制度的环境。本文认为当今逆全球化的喧嚣主要发生在其选举制度秉持多数主义原则的发达国家,而在选举制度为比例代表制的国家,逆全球化潮流受到了相当程度的遏制。Using analytical tools from internatxonal political economy, this article help us to understand the ＂de-globalization＂ events in a coherent and logical way. The article mainly consists of three and logically progressing sections. First it discusses the formation of individual preference. It analyzes at the microlevel how the income of an individual is impacted during the process of globalization, and deduces his consequent preference for policies regarding globalization. Secondly this paper discusses the timing of policy changes. Individuals with similar preferences will form social groups and thus create the necessary conditions for policy changes. The grounds for policy changes would be prepared as long as there are enough of such necessary conditions combining with certain ignitions. Finally, this article discusses the institutional environment. As far as de-globalization is concerned, despite adequate social demands and the right timing, the manifestation of de-globalization policies is constrained by the political institutional environment. The article argues that the clamorous de-globalization as a political practice occur mostly in those advanced countries with majoritarian electoral systems, yet de-globalization is largely contained or heavily constrained in those countries with proportional representation electoral systems.

关 键 词：逆全球化 国内政治制度 多数主义选举制度 比例代表制 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]