大气细颗粒物对上海市浦东新区小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课的影响  

Influence of atmospheric fine particles on absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students in Pudong new area of Shanghai

作　　者：解惠坚 杨敏娟[1] 赵金镯 秦存 王文朋[1] 黄云彪[1] 赵宜静[1] 沈惠平[1] XIE Hui-jian1,YANG Min-juan1,ZHAO Jin-zhuo2,QIN Cun1,WANG Wen-peng1,HUANG Yun-biao1,ZHAO Yi-jing1,SHEN Hui-ping1(1. Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,200136, China;2.Fudan University Pudong Institute of Prevention Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心,上海200136 [2]复旦大学浦东预防医学研究院,上海200136

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第21期2972-2975,2979,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：浦东新区卫计委面上项目(PW2015A-2);上海市卫计委面上项目(201640054)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市浦东新区小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课现状,探索大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))对小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课的影响。方法调查上海市浦东新区2015年9月1日—2017年6月27日期间小学生因病缺课数据,并收集同期上海市浦东新区大气污染物和气象资料,调用R软件mgcv软件包,通过时间-序列分析大气PM_(2.5)暴露对小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课的影响。结果上海市浦东新区小学生因呼吸系统疾病缺课集中在11月至次年1月,符合PM_(2.5)污染特征;PM_(2.5)浓度每升高10μg/m^3,因病缺课总人数增加1.61%(95%CI:1.60%～1.63%);滞后一天PM_(2.5)浓度每升高10μg/m^3,因病缺课总人数显著增加1.61%(95%CI:1.60%～1.63%),因病缺课男生数增加1.90%(95%CI:1.88%～1.91%)。结论大气PM_(2.5)暴露对小学生因呼吸系统疾病缺课人数的增加有明显影响,并存在滞后效应。[Objective]To understand the current situation of absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students in Pudong new area of Shanghai,and explore the influence of atmospheric fine particles（PM2.5） on absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students. [Methods] The absence data due to illness of primary school students in Pudong new area of Shanghai from 1 st September 2015 to 27 th June 2017 were investigated,and the air pollutions and meteorological data at the same time in Pudong new area of Shanghai were collected. The influence of PM2.5 exposure on absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students were analyzed by time series analysis using R software mgcv package. [Results] Absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students in Pudong new area of Shanghai was concentrated from November to January,which was in line with the pollution characteristics of PM2.5. For every concentration of PM2.5 increased by 10 μg/m^3,the total students of absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms increased1.61%（95%CI：1.60%-1.63%）. On lag 1 day,the concentration of PM2.5 increased by 10 μg/m^3,the total and male students of absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms increased 1.61%（95% CI：1.60%-1.63%） and 1.90%（95% CI：1.88%-1.91%）respectively.[Conclusion] Exposure to PM2.5 has significant influences on the absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among primary school students,and exists lag effects.

关 键 词：因病缺课 PM2.5 小学生 呼吸系统疾病 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]