不同栽培模式对玉米主要病虫草害发生的影响  

Effects of different cultivation patterns of maize on the occurrences of major pests

作　　者：姜军侠 赵瑞瑞 董继广 仵均祥[2] 李怡萍[2] Jiang Junxia1, Zhao Ruirui2, Dong Jiguang2, Wu Junxiang2, Li Yiping2(1.Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Shaanxi Province, Xi＇an Shaanxi 710003, China; 2.Plant Protection College, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省农药管理检定所,陕西西安710003 [2]西北农林科技大学植保学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2018年第10期31-37,52,共8页China Plant Protection

基　　金：国家"十三五"重点研发专项(2017YFD0201807);陕西省农业科技创新转化项目

摘　　要：掌握不同栽培模式对玉米病虫草害的发生危害情况,是做好玉米病虫草害科学有效防治的基础。本研究于2017年在陕西省长武县选择露地、黑色地膜覆盖和白色地膜覆盖3种不同栽培模式的玉米田,分别于玉米苗后期、吐丝抽雄期和灌浆乳熟期,对不同栽培模式的玉米田的病虫草害发生情况进行了系统调查。结果表明,不同栽培模式对玉米病虫草害的发生程度均有一定的影响,尤以对草害的发生程度影响显著;在黑色地膜覆盖栽培模式下,草害的发生程度极显著地小于露地栽培和白色地膜覆盖栽培;但对玉米病虫草害的发生种类无显著的影响,不同栽培模式的玉米田的病虫草害种类组成基本相同。据此建议,在草害常年发生严重的地区,应大力推广黑色地膜覆盖栽培模式,即可有效控制玉米田杂草的危害,又可大大减少除草剂的使用。Occurrence characteristics of disease and insect pests and weeds in corn fields under different cultivation patterns is important for scientific and effective controlling corn pests. In this study, occurrence characteristics of disease and insect pests and weeds were investigated systematically at late seedling, spinning tasseling and filling milk stage of maize in field with three different cultivation patterns（open, black plastic film mulching and white plastic film mulching）in Changwu county, Shaanxi province in 2017. The results showed that different cultivation patterns had influence on occurrence degree of diseases and insect pests and weeds in corn field, especially on the degree of weeds. Under black plastic film mulching, occurrence degree of grass was extremely significantly lighter than that under open and white plastic film mulching. However, cultivation pattern had no significantly influence on species of the pests. It was advised that cultivation pattern of black plastic film mulching should be promoted in areas where weeds damage maize perennially,which could contribute to effective control against weeds and reduction of herbicides.

关 键 词：玉米病虫草害 栽培模式 白色地膜 黑色地膜 

分 类 号：S435.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]