社区麻风患者对消除歧视现状的感知调查  

Perceptions of leprosy discrimination eliminating status of leprosy affected persons in communities

作　　者：管芸 陈拥群 王景权[3] 于德宝[4] 邢少云 田春华[6] 章广庆 GUAN Yun1 ,CHEN Yong-qun2 ,WANG Jing-quan3 ,YU De-bao4 ,XING Shao-yun5 ,TIAN Chun-hua6 ,ZHANG Guang-qing1(1. Skin Disease Control Station of Lanxi City, Lanxi , Zhejiang 321100, China ;2. Dafu Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment Center of Yiyang ;3. Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology;4. Skin Disease Control Hospital of Jinan City; 5. Skin Disease Hospital of Hainan Province;6. Guangyuan City Center for Disease Control and Preventio)

机构地区：[1]兰溪市皮肤病防治站,浙江兰溪321100 [2]益阳市大福皮肤病防治所 [3]浙江省皮肤病防治研究所 [4]济南市皮肤病防治院 [5]海南省皮肤病医院 [6]广元市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2018年第5期663-666,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的了解麻风患者对于消除麻风歧视的认可情况。方法使用国际抗麻风协会联合会(ILEP)麻风歧视感知调查问卷面对面调查高中低流行地区社区麻风病患者对于政策法规水平、社区水平及个体水平歧视的感知情况。结果共调查麻风患者100例,其中80%的患者认为享有同等公民权益,82%的患者认为享有同等居住权益,53%的患者认为社区政府取消了对于麻风的不合理规定,38%的患者认为社区政府在制定相关政策时征询了麻风患者意见,63%的患者认为社区政府向地方知名人士提供了消除麻风歧视信息。47%的患者认为享有同样工作权益,76%的患者认为享有同样学习权益,90%的患者认为享有同样公共设施使用权益,56%的患者认为麻风对于婚姻没有影响,34%的患者认为得了麻风不会遭受言语嘲笑。残疾对于患者工作权益和婚姻机会有显著影响(χ~2=10.121,P <0. 05;χ~2=12. 885,P <0. 05)。结论麻风歧视在宏观政策领域不明显,但是在工作权益、婚姻状况以及人格尊严等涉及患者具体事务方面不同程度存在。Objective To study the leprosy discrimination eliminating status in the view of persons affected by leprosy（ PAL）. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted among PALs in different epidemic areas,using the ILEP questionnaire on experiences of leprosy stigma and discrimination,which included the perceptions on the stigma and discrimination in the legal and policy level,organizational and community level and personal level. Results One hundred cases were studied,80% PALs felt enjoying same citizen rights,82% had same residence rights,53% considered that community government had taken actions to abolish unequal policies and practices,38% believed that PALs were involved in policy-making process that directly concerned their lives. 63% considered community governments provided stigma-free information to opinion makers.47% felt enjoying same work rights,76% enjoying same education rights,90% enjoying equal access to public facilities.56% thought leprosy play little influences on the marriage. 34% agreed never hearing discriminatory language against themselves or others. Leprosy disability played great influences on the work rights and marriage opportunities（ χ2= 10. 121,P 0. 05,χ2= 12. 885,P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions Leprosy stigma is not obvious in the legal and policy level,but it is marked in the practical and personal issues such as work rights,marriage status and personal dignity.

关 键 词：麻风 歧视 感知 评价 

分 类 号：R755.01[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]