自卸货车液压油缸爆裂原因分析  

Analysis of Hydraulic Cylinder Burst of a Dump Truck

作　　者：张彦文[1] 陈方玉[1] ZHANG Yanwen;CHEN Fangyu(Research ＆ Development Center of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company,Wuhan 430080,China)

机构地区：[1]武钢研究院,武汉430080

出　　处：《焊管》2018年第6期59-61,65,共4页Welded Pipe and Tube

摘　　要：为了探究自卸货车液压油缸在卸货作业过程中突然爆裂的原因,通过宏观观察、扫描电镜分析、光学显微分析和力学性能试验等方法,对液压油缸断裂处母材、焊缝及裂纹扩展区组织及性能进行了试验研究。分析结果表明,液压油缸爆裂起源于油缸表面焊缝,由于焊缝在扩散氢、拘束应力和淬硬组织的共同作用下产生延迟冷裂纹,并在应力作用下,延迟冷裂纹不断扩展,最终导致爆裂失效。建议在缸体焊接时可通过烘干焊接材料及母材、改善焊接工艺等措施来防止爆裂发生。In order to investigate the reason of the sudden burst of the hydraulic cylinder in the unloading of the dump truck,the microstructure and properties of the base metal,weld seam and crack growth area of the hydraulic cylinder at the fracture site were studied by macro-observation, scanning electron microscopy analysis,optical microscope analysis and mechanical property test. The research results show that the hydraulic cylinder burst originated from the surface weld of the cylinder,and due to the combined action of the diffusible hydrogen,constraint stress and hardened microstructure the delayed cold cracks were produced and extended under the stress action,which eventually leads to the burst failure. It is recommended that the blowouts be prevented by drying the welding material and the base metal and improving the welding process during the welding of the cylinder block.

关 键 词：液压油缸 焊缝 爆裂 氢致裂纹 马氏体 

分 类 号：TH137.51[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]