耕作方式对玉-豆轮作地表节肢动物多样性及其营养结构的影响  

Response of ground-dwelling arthropod community diversity and its trophic structure in relation tillage regimes under maize-soybean rotation

作　　者：朱新玉[1,2] 刘洁 贺振[2] 吴东辉 ZHU Xinyu;LIU Jie;HE Zhen;WU Donghui(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;College of Surveying and Planning,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,China;College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所、湿地生态与环境重点实验室,长春130102 [2]商丘师范学院,测绘与规划学院,商丘476000 [3]吉林大学,地球科学学院,长春130102

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第20期7242-7253,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501263,41430857);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2016M590269);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(172102410054);商丘师范学院骨干教师项目(2015GGJS15);2014年河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2014CJJ087)

摘　　要：为阐明长期不同耕作方式对轮作种植模式黑土农田地表节肢动物多样性及其营养结构的影响,2015年5月至9月间,利用陷阱法对连续13年玉米大豆轮作模式的定位试验站三种耕作方式(免耕、垄作、秋翻)的地表节肢动物群落进行了调查。共捕获动物1002只,隶属于3纲11目29科37个类群,凹唇蚁、玉米毛蚁和直角通缘步甲为优势类群。免耕(NT,no tillage)有利于增加蜘蛛类群密度,垄作(RT,ridge tillage)和秋翻(MP,mould board plough)显著增加了玉米毛蚁密度。耕作方式仅对群落密度有显著影响显著影响(P<0.05),而大豆不同生育阶段显著或极显著的影响地表节肢动物群落组成特征(P<0.05; P<0.001)。长期玉米大豆轮作种植的地表节肢动物群落营养功能群在不同耕作方式中所占比例不同,保护性耕作方式(NT、RT)更有利于捕食性和植食性动物的生存和繁殖,常规耕作(MP)则是杂食性动物占据优势,明显呈现对不稳定环境的适应。大豆不同生育期,各功能群的个体数与类群数的动态变化不尽一致,不具有明显的规律性。研究结果表明,免耕轮作对维持地表节肢动物群落内部物种间的关系及其营养结构有着较为重要的作用,保护性耕作和轮作种植模式相结合可维持农田生态系统平衡。Conservation tillage, such as reduced tillage or no-tillage, may play an important role in increasing soil organic matter, reducing soil erosion, and providing a more complex and favorable habitat for soil-dwelling organisms. Aboveground arthropods are important components of ecosystems, promoting a number of key functions, such as decomposition of organic matter and some herbivorous pest control. The abundance and diversity of food web components depends highly on the rotation system and soil management. To reveal the effect of tillage regimes on the diversity and trophic structure of ground- dwelling arthropods under maize-soybean rotation in the black soil of Northeast China, five field investigations were conducted with three tillage regimes （no tillage, NT; ridge tillage, RT; mould board plough, MP ） at a 13-year tillageregime experiment station. A total of 1002 arthropod individuals belonging to 3 classes, 11 orders, 29 families, and 37 groups were collected. Formica sanguinea Letreille, Lasius alienus Foerster, and Poecilus gebleri Dejean were the dominant species and accounted for 60.58% of the total individuals. The results showed that NT was beneficial to the spider population resulting in increased densities, and RT and MP significantly increased the density of Lasius alienus. Tillage regimes only significantly affected the density of arthropod communities in different growth stages （P 〈 0.05 ） , whereas different growth stages of soybeans significantly or highly significantly affected the density, groups, and diversity of the arthropod community under different tillage regimes （P 〈 0.05; P 〈 0.001）. In the long-term, under the maize and soybean rotation system, the proportion of trophic functional groups was different under the different tillage practices. The results indicated that the long-term conservation tillage （NT and RT） was more conducive to the survival of predators and herbivorous arthropods. Omnivores were dominant in the MP system, showing obvious adaptation to the u

关 键 词：功能类群 保护性耕作 地表节肢动物 轮作 黑土 

分 类 号：S185[农业科学—农业基础科学]