马克思恩格斯意识形态概念的多重涵义及其统一性--基于《德意志意识形态》等经典文本的解读  

The Multiple Meanings and Unity of Marx and Engels' Concept of Ideology——Interpretation Based on Classic Texts such as "German Ideology"

作　　者：秦志龙[1] 王岩[2] Qin Zhilong;Wang Yan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院 [2]上海交通大学

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2018年第5期40-46,共7页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“术思想理论动态与意识形态建设方略研究”(15AKS014);2018年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“新时代社会主义意识形态凝聚力和引领力提升研究”(18CKS046).

摘　　要：虚假意识、阶级意识、统治思想、观念上层建筑构成后学阐释马克思恩格斯意识形态概念的多重视角。在马克思主义创始人的思想语境中,"虚假意识"之虚假性不仅指作为意识形态具体的"德意志意识形态"的颠倒性,同时也指意识形态一般把特殊利益说成普遍利益的虚伪性;"阶级意识"从根本上揭示了意识形态一般的实践主体和核心内容,包括统治阶级的思想与革命阶级的意识两种类型;"统治思想"凸显了特定时期统治阶级思想的统治地位,但并没有在统治阶级的思想与占统治地位的思想之间简单划等号;"观念上层建筑"形象地勾勒出意识形态一般在社会结构中的空间位置,阐明了其社会历史根源。在此种"意识形态一般"与"意识形态具体"结合的视阈中,马克思恩格斯的意识形态概念便能获得统一性理解而不是被任意肢解阉割。我们不能把原典作家对意识形态具体的殊相批判与对意识形态一般的共相揭示混淆。False consciousness, Class consciousness, Ruling thought and Conceptual superstructure are multiple understandings of Marx and Engels＇ concept of ideology. In the original context of the founder of Marxism： the falsity of ＂False consciousness＂ refers not only to the inversion of ＂The German Ideology＂ as a concrete ideology but also to the hypocrisy of ideology in general（describing special interests as common interests）; ＂Class consciousness＂ fundamentally reveals the subject and core content of ideology in general, including thought of the ruling class and consciousness of the revolutionary class; ＂Ruling thought＂ highlights the dominant position of the ruling class＇s thought in a particular period, but it does not mean that thought of the ruling class is equivalent to the dominant one; ＂Conceptual superstructure＂ vividly outlines the spatial position of ideology in general in the social structure and clarifies its social and historical root. The concept of ideology of Marx and Engels is the unity of abstract-ideology and concrete- ideology. We can＇t confuse classic writers＇ criticism on concrete-ideology with their reveal of abstract- ideology.

关 键 词：马克思 意识形态概念 阶级意识 意识形态一般 意识形态具体 

分 类 号：B036[哲学宗教—哲学理论]