黄渤海一次持续性海雾过程形变特征及其成因分析  

Deformation Feature of a Continuous Sea Fog Process over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and Its Genesis Analysis

作　　者：黄彬 许健民[2] 史得道 柳龙生 HUANG Bin;XU Jianmin;SHI Dedao;LIU Longsheng(National Meteorological Centre,Bei）ing 100081;National Satellite Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081;Tianjin Meteorological Bureau,Tianjin 300074)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [3]天津市气象局,天津300074

出　　处：《气象》2018年第10期1342-1351,共10页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYIIY201206001);环渤海区域科技协同创新基金(QYXM2016);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41775048);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1501604);中国气象局气象预报业务关键技术发展专项[YBGJXM(2018)1B]共同资助

摘　　要：2016年3月3—5日,渤海和黄海大部出现了一次大范围持续性的海上大雾天气过程。本文从卫星遥感监测上分析海雾在生成、发展和消亡三个阶段的形态演变特征。从海洋气象条件上分析了山东半岛东南近海没有海雾和海雾形态演变的原因。结果表明:(1)在海雾形成初期,在山东半岛东南海域有弱气旋性弯曲,大气层结不稳定,地面形势受低压影响,虽受偏南风控制,但湿度小,无水汽辐合,因此在山东半岛东南近海没有雾。(2)海雾的形成与低层的偏南暖湿气流有关,而这个偏南暖湿气流来源于西北太平洋,雾区对应着水汽辐合区,海气温差为0～1℃的区域与雾区吻合,在海雾发展成熟期,雾顶长波辐射导致雾体降温,出现气温低于海温的现象。(3)925～1000 hPa垂直风切变有利于海雾在逆温层内维持和垂直高度上的发展,形成有一定厚度的海雾。During 3-5 March 2016, a large range of sea fog continuously occurred over most areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In this article, satellite remote sensing monitoring data are used to analyze the morphological variation of the sea fog event during the three stages of generation, development and extinc- tion, and also the lack of sea fog over southeast coast of Shandong Peninsula and the causes for the evolu- tion of the sea fog this time are discussed. The results show that （1） in the early stage of the sea fog for- mation, there was no sea fog under the southerly wind on the southeast coast of Shandong Peninsula as a result of weak cyclone, instability of atmospheric stratification, and low humidity. Affected by low pres- sure, no water vapor converged. （2） During the mature period of the sea fog, the air temperature was lower than that on the sea surface. This condition was caused by the long-wave radiation from the top of the fog within the 0-1℃ temperature difference between the air and sea surface. The southerly heating low air from the Northwest Pacific Ocean was beneficial to the formation of sea fog. The water vapor con- vergence was monitored obviously in this area. （3） The effect of vertical wind shear especially from 925 hPa to 1000 hPa was positive to the maintenance of inversion layer and the development of vertical height of the sea fog, eventually forming the typical sea fog with the certain thickness.

关 键 词：海雾 形态变化 气海温差 逆温层 垂直风切变 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458