低温有机物料腐熟剂的研制及在鸡粪堆肥发酵中的应用  

Development of Low-temperature Organic Material Decomposing Agent and Its Application in Composting of Chicken Manure

作　　者：郑利艳 张飞燕[1] 刘超[1,3] 王雅娜[1] 程辉彩 张丽萍[1] ZHENG Liyan;ZHANG Feiyan;LIU Cha;WANG Yana;CHENG Huicai;ZHNAG Liping(Institute of Biology,Hebei Academy of Science,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050081;Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024;Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401)

机构地区：[1]河北省科学院生物研究所,河北石家庄050081 [2]河北师范大学,河北石家庄050024 [3]河北工业大学,天津300401

出　　处：《中国家禽》2018年第20期37-41,共5页China Poultry

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2015GA620005);河北省科技计划项目(16227302D)

摘　　要：为解决北方冬季低气温条件下畜禽粪污堆肥发酵缓慢的问题,将前期选育出的亲和力、除臭能力及在粪污中定殖能力强的菌株进行合理组合,研制出一种低温有机物料腐熟剂,并在冬季鸡粪发酵中进行了应用,测定发酵过程中的温度、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N的含量和碳氮比(C/N)等指标。结果表明:在4.9～7.1℃下,该低温有机物料腐熟剂可在48 h内快速启动发酵;好氧堆肥发酵18 d后鸡粪的C/N降至20,兼性厌氧堆肥发酵24 d后,鸡粪的C/N降至18;发酵后16 d,两种处理的种子发芽指数均大于50%。发酵结束后,好氧堆肥发酵的NH_4^+-N含量在第28天达到335 mg/kg;兼性厌氧堆肥发酵的NH_4^+-N含量在第32天达到365 mg/kg,与对照相比显著下降(P<0.05),同时好氧堆肥发酵的有效磷和速效钾的含量分别提高到5.9 g/kg和25.6 g/kg,兼性厌氧堆肥发酵的有效磷和速效钾分别达到5.4 g/kg和22.8 g/kg。综上,发酵过程中各种指标的变化说明加入低温有机物料腐熟剂后能够在低温环境中加快鸡粪的腐熟,缩短发酵时间,可用于低温条件下有机物料腐熟。In order to promote the recycling of livestock waste and solve the problem of slow fermentation of livestock manure eomposting under the conditions of low temperature in winter in northern China. In this study, the strains that were early selected according to the affinity, deodorization ability and colonization ability in feces were in a reasonable combination to develop a low-temperature organic material decomposing agent, and its application in chicken manure fermentation were investigated. The temperature during fermentation, the content of NH4^＋-N and NO3-N and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen （C/N）were determined. The results showed that the starter could rapidly start fermentation within 48 h at 5 to 7 ℃. It was revealed that the C/N of chicken manure decreased to 20 after aerobic fermentation for 18 d and droped to 18 after anaerobic fermentation for 24 d. The seed germination index （GI）of thees two treatments were more than 50%, on the 16 d after fermentation. The content of NH4^＋-N in aerobic fermentation reached 335 mg/kg on the 28th day after fermentation, and the content of NH4^＋ in facultative anaerobic fermentation reached 365 mg/kg on day 32, which was significantly lower than that of the control （P〈0.05）. At the same time, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in aerobic fermentation were increased to 5.9 g/kg and 25.6 g/kg, respectively, and the available phosphorus and available potassium in facultative anaerobic fermentation were reached to 5.4 g/kg and 22.8 g/kg, respectively. In summary, these changes in various indicators of the fermentation process showed that the low-temperature starter could accelerate the maturity of chicken manure and shorten the fermentation time in low-temperature environment.

关 键 词：鸡粪 低温有机物料腐熟剂 好氧堆肥发酵 兼性厌氧堆肥发酵 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]